12 



Bcport vpoti the Arjri cultural Features 



teristic, are black, well turned up, and not long:. They resemble 

 the Hungarian ox (page 31), and probably resulted from crossing- 

 this animal with an ancient race indigenous to Galicia. They 

 are, however, shorter and thicker in the horn, shorter in the 

 legs, and shorter and deeper in the body — altogether, nearer the 

 ground and lower in stature than the true Hungarian ox. 



Fig. 2. — Podolian Cow (Galicia), exliihited h>/ Baron Jacob von 

 licmaszlcan, of Horodenka* 



The Podolian is an aboriginal race of cattle, descended from the Avild Urox f 

 {Bos prvmigenius). This race, whose distribution may be regarded as already 

 known, is distinguished by its capability of resisting the influence of the seasons^ 

 and its contentedness with poor diet. In Moldavia and Bessarabia the cattle 

 are kept in the fields both in summer and winter, and are exposed to all the 

 inclemencies of the weather. This breed is not subject to j^leuropneumonia, 

 and foot-and-mouth disease affects it very slightly, while the cattle-plague kills 

 only from 12 to 20 per cent, of the beasts attacked. 



Podolian oxen are very much sought after for fattening purposes. Nearly 

 75 per cent, of the oxen slaughtered at Vienna belong to tlds race. The 

 meat is very much esteemed, and is distinguished for its tenderness and 

 agreeable flavour. 



The milk-producing powers of this breed are rather infeiior, but they could, 

 no doubt, be very considerably Increased by better rearing and more nutritious 



* The figures of Autstriaii cattle (Figs. 2-S) are copied from pliotographs kindly 

 lent for the purpose by Lieut. T. H. Anttey, E.E., of the Iloyal British Commis- 

 sion for the Vienna Universal Exhibition. The descriptions printed in small type 

 under each figure, are translations of those attached to the photographs. — Edit. 



t In the original Auewclis. Some contusion exists in reference to the nomenclature 

 of the ancient races of cattle ; but, according to Professor Owen and Mr. Boyd 

 Dawkins, the Urox is Bos jjrimiijenius of Bojanus ( = Bos Urus of Julius Caesar), 

 while the Auerochs is the European Bison {Bos Bison of Pliny). — Edit. 



