64 Rcjwrt npon the Afjricultiiral Features 



teeth or tines. Karl Staclel, of Raab, may he mentioned as 

 an enterprising Hungarian maker, whose winnowing-machine 

 was noticed as good. Peter Polgar is a country plough-maker 

 in Lower Hungary, and deserves notice for some well-finished 

 ploughs, well fitted for the requirements of the country. Strobl 

 and Baris are enterprising agricultural implement makers at 

 Pesth, and exhibited some good and well-finished ploughs, with 

 the characteristic forecarriage and abrupt mould-board, generally 

 used in Hungary, of which the accompanying sketch gives a 

 correct idea. 



Fig. 17. — Messrs. Stroll and Baris" s Hungarian Plough. 



Mr. G. T. Yull, who in early life left England to join the late 

 Mr. Smallbones, in Hungary, has paid special attention to the 

 improvement of the Hungarian plough, and he is allowed to be 

 the originator of the form now sold by Clayton and Shuttle- 

 worth for Hungary and other countries. I am indebted to 

 Mr. Yull for an interesting note, the substance of which may be 

 suitably introduced here. 



Austrian and Hunfjarian Ploxicjhs. — " Twenty years ago it 

 was nothing strange to find ploughs entirely made of wood 

 — not even an iron nail about them. In fact, the only piece 

 of iron in the whole implement Avas the share or sock, which 

 was made of sheet iron, and was held in its place by a 

 wooden pin. This implement had at that time begun to fall 

 into disuse among the larger proprietors with the introduc- 

 tion of a deeper system of cultivation, and the Ruhadlo, Hohen- 

 heim and Zugmayer ploughs had to a certain extent displaced 

 them. These latter were short and abrupt in the mould-board, 

 and their work was not calculated to please those who loved to 

 see fine smooth ploughing. The prevalence of English ideas, 

 and the visits of Hungarian noblemen to England, led to the 

 introduction of Howard and Ransome ploughs ; but these never 

 became general on account of difficulties connected with the 



