322 Report on the Agriculture of 



and, after trial, had been found unsuitable to the exigencies of 

 the country. 



The following description of the working of extensive 

 estates in Upper Hungary, owned and cultivated by Count 

 John PalfTy, in Presburg Comitat, was furnished from the cen- 

 tral office in Presburg, and will give a more exact idea of the 

 actual organisation required in order to carry out the numerous 

 departments : — 



1. The entire reclaimed (farmed) land upon these estates ■ 

 consists of 34,000 acres, and this is divided into 17 districts. 



2. In each district is a resident steward {yerwalter\ who 

 furnishes a monthly account of all work proposed for the 

 coming month, as well as of all cash he requires, to the central 

 office. 



3. The count keeps control over everything, and without his 

 knowledge nothing is bought, sold, built, or done. Thus the 

 count is in this case his own upper director. 



4. The central office is arranged as follows : — There are, 1st, 

 a head lawyer {oher-fiskal) ; 2nd, estate inspector ; 3rd, two 

 book-keepers ; 4th, upper cashier ; 5th, expediter ; 6th, a book- 

 keeper's assistant ; 7th, two clerks. 



5. Two, three, or four districts are allotted to each controller, 

 and there are altogether five controllers who also manage and 

 inspect the granaries. 



6. Nothing is given out from the granaries without an order 

 from the central office. 



7. The granaries and cash accounts in the various districts 

 are visited and revised from time to time from the head office 

 without notice. 



8. There are 59,360 acres of forests, and these are divided 

 into five districts. Each district has its own head forester, and 

 each district (waldschaft) is divided into several sub-districts. 



9. There are in all five upper foresters, who have fourteen 

 under foresters, besides five controllers and several assistants 

 under them. 



10. The foresters, like the land stewards, send in a monthly 

 prospectus both of what they intend doing and what cash they 

 require. 



11. The wood is sold according to a fixed tariff of prices. 

 Large contracts can only be made with the sanction of the 

 Count himself. 



Such is a general sketch of the system by which vast estates 

 are managed in Hungary. In other cases you find below the 

 Count, an administrator who relieves him of all trouble. Some- 

 times, as in the case of the Emperor's and the greatest nobles' 

 estates, this functionary is resident at Vienna. He is often 



