328 Report on the Agriculture of 



inferior, and Mr. Otocska is of opinion that he coukl make more 

 of his land by manufacturing meat, than by selling beet and 

 receiving back pulp. He has tried experiments with artificial 

 manures every season for the last ten years, but without any 

 result, until the present season, 1873. I saw an experiment on 

 barley, in which one strip was manured with lime, and one 

 with a manure specially prepared by Liebig, with a strip of 

 unmanured between. The result was most evident ; but Mr, 

 Otocska had never seen any effect before, although he has 

 applied manures both in spring, autumn, and winter. This 

 good result was no doubt due to the coldness and wetness of the 

 season ; for it is observable that, as you advance northward, 

 artificial manures are more and more esteemed. Air. Vasgarz, 

 steward on the Zinkendorf estate, told me that he obtained good 

 results from the use of the slimy waste from the sugar factory. 

 The sheep clip on an average 2^ lbs. of wool, which was sold 

 this year (1873) for 13/. per cwt., and it has sold as high as 16Z. 

 per cwt. Mr. Otocska considers that there is great scope for 

 capita], and for English or other good farmers in Hungary, and 

 he told me that double the produce might be got out of the land. 

 The farmers are too often Jews, who have no knowledge of 

 agriculture, but aim too much at sucking the goodness out 

 of the land which they occupy. Mr. Otocska pays 2000/. a 

 year as rent for 1800 acres, or close up to 22«. per acre. 



Another excellent farmer, whose acquaintance I made is Mr. 

 Elvers, of Rer, who farms a tract of 1586 acres, all of which is 

 arable, near Karancz, under Prince Schaumberg-Lippe. The 

 estate is on an elevated table-land, and is an hour and-a-half's 

 drive from the Archduke Albrecht's estate at Lak (p. 323). 

 Mr. Elvers served in the German navy from 1849 to 1851, and 

 subsequently studied agriculture in Westphalia and Hungary, 

 where he held the posts of Verwalter and Hofrichter for above 

 twelve years, and then took a farm. He has a lease which is 

 somewhat oppressive in its terms, as the tenant is compelled to 

 keep half his arable land under forage crops. Seventy oxen and 

 twenty-six horses work the farm, and English drills and threshing- 

 machines, with American reapers, are used. 



I visited this farm on the 1st of July, and was much pleased 

 with the good management and crops. Much damage had been 

 done to the wheat by mice, and the rye had suffered severely 

 from frosts in May. The rape had been reaped, and was already 

 threshed out ; the land which had carried it was already covered 

 with a plant of young maize, to be used partly as fodder and partly 

 as a corn crop, and wheat would then be drilled over the same area 

 in November or December. The whole of the corn is sown 



