the Austro-Ilanfjarian Empire. 333 



Upon tlie Imperial stud farm of Barbolua, situated upon the riglit side of 

 the Danube, about 17 miles west of Koniorn, labourers receive 2s. od. per day 

 in summer, and is. S'l. to Is. 5^d. in winter. Shepherds are paid partly in 

 money and partly in kind, and their total remuneration is considered equal to 

 30?. 12s. per annum. Teamsmen's wages amount to 201. 15s. per annum. 

 Upon Kis-Szalas estate on the Bacser, about 14 miles north of Maria-There- 

 siopel, wages for labourers vary in summer and winter from lOd. to 2s., 

 and shepherds and teamsmen receive 18/. and IGl. per annum respectively, 

 inclusive of perquisites. 



In Lower Hungary I obtained information from several sources as to the 

 wages paid to labourers. Mr. Elvers, of Rer, near Karaucs, farms under the 

 Prince Schaumburg-Lippe. Male labourers there receive 2s. in summer, Is. O^d, 

 in winter, and 3s. in harvest; females receive 81''/. in summer, (rkd. in winter, 

 and Is. O^il. in harvest. Shepherds and teamsmen are paid in kind, as fol- 

 lows : — 3/. in money, 39 lbs. of salt, 'So acre of garden, 6| bushels of wheat, 

 33"8 bushels of mixed wheat and rye (halb-frucht), 1-69 bushel of beans, 

 4 klafter of wood, 1*42 acre of land, and grazing for pigs. 



Another case in Lower Hungary is that of Bellye estate, near Baranyavara- 

 Monoster Railway Station, and not far from Mohacs. Upon this extensive 

 estate of the Archduke Albrecht labourers' wages are high. A shepherd 

 receives 30Z. per annum, inclusive of everything, and the highest wages quoted 

 is 45/. per annum. A teamsman has advantages equal to Is. 7d. per day in 

 summer, and Hid. in winter; and a woman worker has 11^(7. in summer, 

 and 8ld. in winter. 



Upon the Imperial farm of Mezohegyes, in the Comitat of Csanad, the shep- 

 herds, grooms, and teamsmen, are generally soldiers, and the day-labourers 

 are, for the most part, paid in money only. They receive in 



July and August 2s. od. to 3s. 



September and October .. .. Is. 8c/. to 2s. 

 The remaining months Is. to Is. 63 c?. 



The last case I shall cite is that of Harkanyi, in the Tokay district, where 

 day-labourers and monthly servants are employed. In summer men are paid 

 from Is. 8d. to 2s. 5d., and in winter half these amounts, or less, A teams- 

 man's wage consists of 



3/. 4s. in money. 



61 bushels of wheat. 

 40^ , , of rye. 

 10 , , of barley. 

 48 lbs, of salt, 



H acre of land for maize and beans. 

 One cow kept. 



Lodging, firing, medical attendance, and school. 

 Grazing for a few pigs in summer. 



It was in the Schiitt district that I first became acquainted 

 with a peculiar system of payment, in which the labourer 

 receives a proportion of the crop which he assists to cultivate. 



In the case of Indian corn, the estate undertakes the prepara- 

 tion of the ground and the sowing of the crop. The labourer 

 hoes, harvests, and does everything else connected with the crop, 

 and receives one-third part of the grain as his reward. The 



