334 Report on the Afjriculture of 



work consists in twice hoeing, earthing up, breaking cob from 

 the straw and kibbling it, cutting the straw and binding it in 

 bundles. For winter and summer grain the labourers receive 

 for the cutting, shocking, loading, and harvesting, one-thirteenth 

 and one-twelfth part respectively of the entire crop, both straw 

 and corn ; besides, they receive 1'69 bushel of wheat, 1*69 

 bushel of rye, and 1'69 of barley, per pair of shearers, and this 

 constitutes their entire harvest wage. For mangold, after pre- 

 paring the land and sowing the seed, the estate gives the labourer, 

 for all work subsequently required for the crop, 2r/. per cwt. of 

 crop grown. 



Ageicultural Colleges, 



There are four regularly constituted State-supported agri- 

 cultural colleges in Hungary, three of which were visited 

 by me : — 



1 ProfesEors and Students. 



Teachers. 



TJngariscli-Altenburg .. 18 .... 148 



Keszthely 9 .... 72 



Debreczin 8 .... 51 



Kolosmonostor 12 .... 74 



Liberal grants are allowed for the maintenance of these colleges, 

 and the general management of all is entrusted to the Minister of 

 Agriculture in Pesth. 



Each college is furnished with ample apparatus for teaching, in 

 the form of laboratories, museums, botanical gardens, experi- 

 mental farms, and gardens for the practice of vine and fruit culture. 

 There is a director, an effective staff of professors, and a large 

 body of students at each. An Ackerhauschiil, or lower grade 

 school for the instruction of young men in practical agriculture, 

 is attached to three out of the four colleges. In the colleges 

 manual labour is not encouraged among the students, as their 

 time is taken up with the study of scientific agriculture in all its 

 branches. 



Each student, before entering the higher school, must have 

 been engaged in practical agriculture for two years, so that the 

 practical element is not wanting in the education of the higher 

 grade students. 



The complete course of study occupies two years, and 

 each year is divided into a winter and a summer session. 

 These four periods are devoted to the study of the following 

 subjects : — 



