346 Report on the Agriculture of 



English stud-groom. The Count believes that in time they wili 

 be able to establish a race of saddle-horses which can be relied 

 upon to breed truly without further importation of English blood. 

 The average realised at Count Esterhazy's sale of young horses 

 in the spring (1873) was 2800 fl. over 9 head, or about 31/. each. 

 He also had sold a colt by Carnival for 5600 fl., or 560/. 



Count Waldstein maintains a capital stock of English 

 thorough- and half-breds at Csicso, near Komorn, on the 

 Danube. There I saw the old mare Gambia, and the sire 

 Flying Cloud. Albert, North Countryman, and Pride of Eng- 

 land were also all represented in this stud. 



The result of much observation was to show me that the 

 best horses in Hungary are descended from English stock. The 

 cart-horses also are often the result of crosses with English 

 horses. They are not of the heavy character of English draught- 

 horses, but light, spirited, active animals, standing 15 to 16 

 hands high. 



The Archduke Albrecht has imported Clydesdale horses into 

 his estates in Lower Hungary ; but, with this exception, no 

 other horses but thorough-bred s and Norfolk trotters were to be 

 seen from Britain. I also saw on the estate Bellye, some half- 

 breds between Clydesdale horses and Styrian mares. The 

 mothers were red bay and light bay, inclining to chestnut, with 

 black points. They were high in the rump, and on the whole 

 well formed. 



Ageicultuee. 



Hungarian Agriculture labours under many disadvantages ; 

 among which may especially be mentioned an extreme climate 

 and a scarcity of labour. It is, in a general sense, exceedingly 

 simple and uniform, so that a run through Upper and Lower 

 Hungary gives the traveller a good general impression as to the 

 mode of cultivation pursued. I Avas sometimes disagreeably 

 aware of this uniformity, when travelling for several days in 

 succession over level tracts, cultivated by peasants or by large 

 proprietors, in which the same objects and methods repeated 

 themselves to a tedious extent. Some of the general peculiarities 

 of the country have already been pointed out. The frequency 

 of bare fallows, and the entire absence of turnip culture through- 

 out Hungary, owing to the heat of the summers, is very 

 noticeable. Sugar- and fodder-beet (mangold), especially the 

 latter, are grown in large quantities, and take the place ol our 

 root crops. Folding sheep on the land is never practised, either 

 in summer or winter, but the whole of the beet and fodder 

 crops are carried to the buildings, there to be cut up for 

 cattle and horses. Clover and lucern are very largely cultivated, 



