350 Rejwrt on the Agriculture of 



The improved system wlilcli is now being- followed on many 

 farms is — 



1st. To plough in autumn 8 to 10 inches deep. 

 2nd. Plough in the spring to bury weeds. 

 3rd. Plough again in June or July. 

 4th. Plough in the manure for seed-furrow. 



Manuring. — ^Mountains of two and three-year-old straw and 

 great heaps of unused dung were formerly commonly seen in 

 Lower Hungary, This wasteful system is, however, fast disap- 

 pearing ; and much care is now taken in order to manufacture 

 manure of good quality. Well-squared-up manure heaps and 

 provision at the best buildings for the proper making of this 

 important product I frequently met with both in Upper and 

 Lower Hungary. 



Dung is as yet the only manure valued, and there seems to be 

 no prospect of artificial manures coming into vogue, unless it be 

 in the more northern portions of the kingdom. This is appa- 

 rently owing to the droughty character of the summers, and the 

 native richness of the land ; also the absence of turnip husbandry, 

 Avhich deprives tlie cultivators of the best opportunity for the 

 application of artificials. The dung is often applied in a dry 

 and strawy condition, and this is especially to be seen upon the 

 peasant land, as I noticed at Talos and other places. 



On the other hand, the manure is excellently managed upon 

 many estates, as upon Count John Palffy's fai'ms, where dung-pits 

 are provided at every steading. The squared-up and well-kept 

 manure heaps upon the Archduke Albrecht's estates were most 

 worthy of commendation, as was almost everything else to be 

 seen upon them. The general management upon these estates 

 must not, however, be used as an illustration of the agriculture 

 of the country, as they are decidedly superior. In the matter of 

 duno--management, I met many examples, among which may be 

 mentioned that of Count Alexander Erdody, near Steinamanger, 

 and of Count Szechenyi, at Zinkendorf, where the steward makes 

 his manure heaps \vith alternate layers of dung and earth, to 

 which a little gypsum is added. The heaps are well squared 

 up and watered with liquid manure from tanks beneath the 

 heaps. Gypsum is also sprinkled in the cattle-stalls. 



H, Benke, steward at \ amosfaln, on the Schiitt district, told 

 me that he could only manure his poor land once in ten years ; 

 and when a field bearing a light crop was passed, the explanation 

 was that no dung had been applied. 



Fodder-Crops. — I was particularly requested to notice " any 

 novelty in the use of green crops used by the farmers where 

 o-rass is scarce, which might be applicaljle to British agri- 

 culture." 



