the Austro-Hangarian Empire. 355 



agriculture is adopted. Such buildings must not, however, be 

 thought to represent Hungarian homesteads in general, which 

 are, in the majority of cases, arranged as in the above given 

 figure. 



Live Stock. 



Cattle. — The cattle of Hungary have been already described 

 (p. 31). Statistics obtained in 1870 showed that there were 

 15,077,000 cattle in the kingdom, and this was a diminution of 

 6 per cent, upon the number reported in 1857. That cattle are 

 diminishing in Hungary is undoubted, and the cause is easily 

 found in the breaking up of the natural pastures of the country, as 

 already noticed. Another cause assigned, is that of the frequent 

 occurrence of rinderpest, which has not only destroyed many 

 cattle, but, especially among the peasants, caused oxen in many 

 cases to be given up for horses. Thus, while cattle have 

 diminished in the above-named ratio, horses have increased 

 (1857—70) 3 per cent. I often inquired if many oxen were sold 

 off the estates visited, and the universal answer was that they 

 could scarcely breed a sufficient number to supply themselves with 

 draught animals. There is a considerable interchange of stock 

 between the various provinces of the Austro-Hungarian empire ; 

 and Hungarv, no doubt, supplies the countries of Bohemia, 

 Moravia, and Silesia, Avith many superior draught animals. 

 Also the Vienna market is supplied to the extent of one-half by 

 Hungarian fat cattle. It does not, however, follow from this 

 that Hungary can be looked to for a supply of cattle for the 

 English market, and I think we must come to the conclusion 

 that, for the present at least, we must look elsewhere. 



Herr von Kenessey, secretary to the Minister of Agriculture, in 

 Pesth, sent me the following tables of the comparative value of 

 Hungarian exports and imports of cattle during three recent years. 



Imports. 



Florins. 



1868 0,140,540 



1869 4,425,570 



1870 4,014,310 



Exports. 



1868 3,410,034 



1869 '^258, 694 



1870 3,468,260 



He had no later statistics. 



Baron !Max Kilbeck, Conseiller de Legation, Vienna, obtained 

 some information from Professor Wagner, of the Hungarian 



2 A 2 



