Census of England and Wales for the Year 1871. 395 



gross amount of the annual value of lands and houses assessed 

 to income tax in Eng-land and Wales rose from — 



Land. 



Houses. 



1861 

 1870 



42,975,768 

 47,802,991 



Increase ! 4,827,223 



49,505,163 

 70,949,269 

 21,444,106 



While during the same period we find trades and professions, 

 including railways, 11,652,058/.; ironworks, 1,112,049/.; mines, 

 3,802,201/. ; canals, «S:c., say 2,000,000/., which must be added 

 to the returns of 1861, as these properties were then classed in 

 Schedule A, but are now transferred to Schedule D, rising from 



Annual Value 



1861. 



100,097,634 



1870. 



154,174,613 



Being an increase of 54,076,979/. 



With figures like these before us, we cannot wonder at the 

 smaller proprietors of land being tempted to part with a pro- 

 perty which is often encumbered, and returning a small income, 

 in order to take their chance in the race where there appear so 

 many prizes to be won. 



In the mean time we notice the stationary number, during the 

 last twenty years, of those who in the Census describe themselves 

 as farmers and graziers, the figures varying from — 



1851. 



1861. 



1871. 



249,431 



249,735 



249,907 



And here, singularly enough, we have an increase during the last 

 ten years of about 1500 in the female members of the class. 

 The Census Commissioners notice that there has been a " noise- 

 less but i-apid increase in the number and proportion of women 

 engaged in specific reproductive work," in addition to the wives 

 of the industrious classes, who take their share both of business 

 and household work ; and this accords with this increase of 

 women farmers. The proportion of about one female to ten 

 male farmers is not quite evenly distributed, but is exceeded in 

 the dairy and grazing counties, as, for instance, in Derbyshire 

 and Cheshire, where the numbers are about one in seven, falling 



