234 Cottages for Agricultural Lahourers. 



will communicate with the drain ; in districts where the springs 

 are at a considerable depth below the surface the well may be 

 dispensed with, and a water-tight tank substituted, into which the 

 water from all the eaves should be conveyed. 



Warming and Ventilating. — To ensure the carrying out of 

 these essentials to a poor man's comfort, simplicity and economy 

 must be borne in mind, consonant with which and being at the 

 same time more agreeable to the habits and customs of English- 

 men, open fireplaces are recommended, viz., " Nicholson's im- 

 proved Cottage Range" for the living room, and a small sham 

 stove for the bed-room fireplace. Iron or lead pipes, heated by 

 hot air, water, or steam, however effective they may be in operation, 

 form but a poor substitute for the cheerful fire, however small, 

 which is most agreeable to the sight and pleasant to the feelings 

 of an agricultural labourer after a cold wet day's work. The 

 living room and bed-room No. 1, having each a door, window, 

 and chimney opening (considering their capacity also), have suf- 

 ficient facilities for ventilation. The scullery is ventilated by the 

 insertion of an air-brick fnmM^ ^^ ^^^^ outer wall ; the pantry 

 by similar means, one air-brick being built in the wall beneath 

 the seat of the porch, and another at the opposite end under 

 the floor-joists above; the two smaller bed-rooms to have a 



perforated wood ventilator 



O O O O O 



o o o o 

 o o o o o 



o o o o 

 o o o o o 



in each ceilinsr, and an 



air-brick in each gable above the ceiling on the north and south 

 fronts. 



Cost. — In the following calculations bricks are supposed to be 

 worth 3O5. per thousand, lime V2s. per chaldron of 32 bushels, 

 and sand 3s. per ton ; the estimate may therefore be deemed a 

 maximum one, and may be reduced in every instance where 

 landed proprietors make their own bricks, and the lime and sand 

 are procured upon the estate. The substitution of stone in 

 districts where it is abundant and easily worked would effect a 

 considerable saving, and a further reduction may also be effected 

 in the items of timber and carriage, where plenty of the former 

 is available and the latter is not a matter of consideration : — 



JS'ote. — ^Altliough this essay was considered the best, it is not of course reconuTiendcd 

 hy the Society as giving a petfect p]an. The out-offices seem open to several objec- 

 tions. The height of the surrounding wall would render the enclosure very oflensive, 

 uulesa the privies as well us pig-pounds were constantly cleansed. The pig-pounds 

 are too confined, especially the sheds, the form of which is not good. The privy doors 

 should not be opposite each other. — Chichester. 



The depression of the pantry-floor would be inconvenient when it is washed, and I 

 should prefer a south-west aspect.— J. F. Burke. 



Sppci/rcntion 



