98 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



the Secretary of Agriculture. In this way the area will in time become 

 a reservoir of game from which it will overflow onto the surrounding 

 country, thus affording a steady supply of game for recreative hunting. 

 Game and fish thus placed under Federal control will be afforded ample 

 protection from illegal fishing or hunting, the presence of forest officers 

 making it difficult for violators of the game and fish laws to operate 

 and the punishment being often more swift than under State laws en- 

 forced by local residents. The State is relieved of all responsibility as 

 to protecting the game and fish on the preserve, and added strength is 

 given to the protection by reason of the game and fish laws being under 

 the charge of Federal courts. 



Timber Sales on the Southern Appalachlvn Forests 



The revenue from timber sales on the purchased forests in the 

 Southern Appalachians shows a gratifying and steady increase, in spite 

 of the scarcity of labor in the woods and the high cost of production. 

 Local operators are becoming better acquainted with Forest Service 

 methods and the purchase of Government stumpage is steadily increas- 

 ing. Timber sales in the Southern Appalachian Forests are of par- 

 ticular interest, as compared with sales elsewhere, on account of the 

 variety of species, both hardwood and softwood, found growing to- 

 gether and of the many different products taken out under one-sale 

 contract. It is no uncommon thing for a single sale, involving two or 

 three million feet of timber, to include some twelve or fifteen species 

 for lumber, with individual species utilized for such by-products as 

 tannin extract and wood bark, telephone poles, railroad ties, pulpwood, 

 firewood, and dyeing material. 



Each species and product, as a rule, has a different sale value and so 

 a different stumpage value. This makes the stumpage appraisal, even 

 in a comparatively small sale, a complicated afifair. The value on the 

 stump, however, is ample compensation for the difficulty encountered 

 in w^orking up a sale of this kind. Yellow poplar and red oak bring 

 from $6 to $9 per thousand, and the other oaks and chestnut from $3 

 to $5. Tanbark last spring, owing to war values, had been bringing 

 from $4 to $7 a ton on the stump. There is one chance on the Cherokee 

 Forest, in Tennessee, on which the total estimated stand, converting all 

 products into thousand board feet, is approximately 7 million feet, yet 

 the total estimated value on the stump exceeds $36,000. 



The widely varying forest types, due to dift'erences in altitude, lati- 

 tude, exposure, topography, and soil conditions and the variations in 



