SO.Mlv ASl'IiCTS OF SILVICAL RESEARCH 275 



the same result should follow on this continent. It is reasonable to 

 suppose that this tendency will be greatl}- strengthened by the return 

 from overseas of large numbers of foresters and lumbermen, who will 

 have gained an appreciation of what European forestry has accom- 

 plished for the belligerent nations for purposes of both war and peace, 

 and this appreciation should prove an important factor in bringing 

 about more adequate support for constructive forest policies on this 

 side of the water. 



Action along these lines is particularly needed in the East, since here 

 is the greatest concentration of population and consequently of markets. 

 Further, the eastern forests are most advantageously situated with 

 respect to possible export to European markets. , These forests are 

 relativel}^ much nearer depletion than those in the West, and hence in 

 greater need of attention. The rapidly mounting prices of all classes 

 of timber are reflected in greatly increased stumpage values, which 

 means that many things can now^ be done in the direction of more con- 

 servative methods of cutting than were previously considered feasible. 

 This is particularly true as to pulpwood operations, where, on account 

 of large capital investment, permanency of operation is considered 

 highly important. Further, the time element involved in growing the 

 crop is not so long as in the case of an ordinary lumbering operation. 

 As a rule, also, the class of men at the head of the pulp and paper in- 

 dustries are more susceptible to the adoption of improved methods in 

 the woods than is the average lumberman. 



Canada is as keenly interested in this whole problem as is the United 

 States, perhaps more so. because her proportion of non-agricultural 

 land is so much higher. The importance to Canada of placing her for- 

 ests on a permanently productive basis is shown by the fact that the 

 total annual value of her production of primary forest products is 

 around $200,000,000. The exports of pulp and paper are now around 

 $60,000,000 and are increasing rapidly. One-fourth of the newsprint 

 used in the United States comes from Canada ; this constitutes three- 

 fourths of the Canadian newsprint production. The value of an export 

 trade of such magnitude in the economic life of a country can scarcely 

 be overemphasized. The prospects for ultimate improvement in cut- 

 ting methods in Canada are greatly enhanced by the fact that the great 

 bulk of the non-agricultural lands are in government ownership, and 

 the respective governments have full control over the method of cutting 

 on such lands. Up to the present the forests have largely been handled 

 as sources of raw material rather than as crops, notwithstanding the 



