392 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



2. There is not a sufficient representation of softwoods in each of 

 the diameter classes to produce successive crops of softwood within 

 reasonable intervals, while the proportion of softwood in the stand 

 is being decreased by each successive softwood logging operation. 



3. There is no evident increase in softwood reproduction due to 

 logging. 



4. The reproduction table (table 4, column i) shows a preponder- 

 ance of beech and sugar maple (shade-enduring species), but the fact 

 that a like increase does not show in the 2-inch class after twenty 

 years is evidence that these are already suppressed. 



5. The small number of yellow birch and the absence of black 

 cherry in the reproduction is evidence of the crown density of the ma- 

 ture stand, and a noteworthy index of the future character of the 

 forest. 



On the area logged for both hardwoods and softwoods ten years 

 ago the following facts are shown by the study : 



1. All species were cut to a lower diameter than on the Whitney 

 estate with the crown cover remaining open ten years after the log- 

 ging- 



2. The representation of the softwoods of all diameter classes is 



here less able than on the other area to maintain successive cuts of 

 softwoods within reasonable intervals. 



3. There is evidence of increase of spruce reproduction and of in- 

 creased rate of growth since the logging, as is shown by the increase 

 in numbers in the 2-inch diameter class. 



4. There is also an evident increase in the number of hardwood 

 trees in the 2-inch diameter class, especially yellow birch, the most 

 prolific and rapid-growing of the hardwoods. 



5. The preponderance of yellow birch in the hardwood reproduction 

 and decrease of the more tolerant species, with the occurrence of black 

 and fire cherry are the result of the open character of the stand. The 

 chief significance of this heavy stand of rapid-growing hardwoods is 

 the good average height growth (about ten feet for birch) which has 

 been made since the cutting, and the straight clean growth. Birch and 

 black cherry have established themselves in the lead and will dominate 

 the stand. 



RECOVERY OE SMALL SPRUCE AFTER SUPPRESSION 



For the purpose of comparison of this rapid growth of hardwoods 

 there is submitted a height growth diagram of red spruce based on 316 



