INSTRUCTION IN RANGE MANAGEMENT 531 



the non-resident grazer should be made clear. The advantages of the 

 Government's controlHng the number of animals to be grazed, the sea- 

 son of grazing, the particular allotment to be grazed, and the detailed 

 rules for salting, bedding, and the like, should be discussed in full. It 

 should not be the aim here, however, to study grazing regulations as 

 given in the Use Book. If such work is desired, it may be convenient 

 to teach it in connection with some allied course, such, for instance, as 

 "National Forest Administration." 



B-i. — The value of meat in the diet of peoples of all nations, as well 

 as the relative consumption of meats by dififerent nations, should be 

 accentuated. The importance of the National Forest range to meat pro- 

 duction, particularly in what may be termed the "chief range States," 

 should be discussed fully. Special reference should be made to the 

 dependence on the Forest range of the use of the enormous expanse of 

 vv^inter-grazing lands adjacent to the Forests; also the possibility of 

 economic production of grain and hay crops in communities remote 

 from market centers only by marketing these crops through the medium 

 of live stock. It should be shown that the agricultural development of 

 many communities is very largely, if not entirely, dependent upon the 

 proper utilization of the National Forest range. 



2. The study of forage-crop areas should be general and not neces- 

 sarily ecological in character, though, indeed, the climatic conditions, 

 particularly the amount and the seasonal distribution of the precipita- 

 tion and the temperature averages and extremes, should be touched 

 upon. Only major regional divisions should here be considered. The 

 forage resources and live-stock production in other countries should 

 also be briefly reviewed. 



3. The effect of the enforcement of grazing regulations on the Na- 

 tional Forests, not only in the replacement of friction and bloodshed 

 by constructive co-operation on the part of the stockmen, but in the 

 increase of forage production and the proper protection of Forest re- 

 sources generally, should be shown. The approximate increase in the 

 productivity of the range since the lands were included in the National 

 Forests should be shown statistically and otherwise. Other benefits 

 resulting from regulated grazing, such, for instance, as the proper pro- 

 tection of the watersheds and the increased production in farm crops 

 due to improved streamflow. should be mentioned. 



The benefits of a leasing system, such as was adopted by the land- 

 grant railroad companies, should also be recognized. This system, 

 which was usually accompanied by the fencing of the lands, was of dis- 

 tinct benefit (i) in improving the productivity of the depleted pastures 

 and (2) in increasing the profits from the live-stock business. 



