534 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



as annual losses due to poison plants, should be carefully considered. 

 The plants should be enumerated and the family characteristics firmly 

 fixed in the student's mind. Special consideration should be given to 

 the recognition of the symptoms of the different classes of stock poi- 

 soned by the different plant species. The antidotes, including their 

 preparation in the laboratory and methods of administering them, 

 should be given consideration. Preventive measures, such as pertain 

 to the management of stock and the range where poisonous plants pre- 

 vail, should be very briefly reviewed, leaving a full discussion of the 

 subject for a later course. 



3. The study of mechanically injurious plants should be pursued in 

 much the same way as that indicated for the poisonous plants. The 

 annual loss and character of injury, as well as the species most trouble- 

 some, including their life history and the season when they are most 

 troublesome, and the remedial measures should be discussed in full. 

 As in the study of poison plants, preventive measures pertain chiefly 

 to the management of the stock and hence should be considered in a 

 later course. 



III. Management of the Range 



I. Suitability of range to different classes of stock. 2. Grazing 

 periods and grazing capacity. 3. Natural and artificial reseed- 

 ing. 4. Range improvement leading to the most eflicient con- 

 tinued use of the forage crop. (Four credit units.) 



Management of the range, broadly considered, embraces subjects 

 which have to do with the improvement and maintenance of the forage 

 crop — a consideration of the business aspect, looking toward a perma- 

 nent live-stock industry, with a view of yielding maximum returns. 

 While this subject, like that of "Management of Range Live Stock," 

 which follows, is so broad as to involve a knowledge of practically all 

 conditions which affect the grazing industry, the field can be fairly well 

 covered by a careful consideration of the four topics given. 



I. The selection of the class of stock best suited to a given range is 

 often a determining factor in the success of the enterprise. Poor utili- 

 zation of the forage crop, heavy live-stock losses, animals in poor flesh, 

 a low percentage of increase in the offspring, and a light clip of wool 

 are some of the bad results to be expected from the use of range by the 

 wrong class of stock. The character of the forage, topographic fea- 

 tures, climate, elevation, and abundance of water, including distance 

 between watering places, are among the chief factors which determine 

 the class of stock to be grazed. 



