53G JOURXAL OF FORESTRY 



In presenting this subject the principles of succession should be re- 

 viewed and, as stated, the place in the succession, at least of the more 

 common genera, should be fully considered. As elsewhere, it should 

 be the aim to present principles rather than facts. 



4. The subject of range improvement should aim to cover fully all 

 matters designed to favor the highest possible utilization of the forage 

 crop, considered from the standpoint of a sustained yield. Accord- 

 ingly, the course should discuss in detail the question of water develop- 

 ment, including location of water, methods of water development, cost, 

 etc., the use and construction of drift and division fences, corrals, 

 pastures, the development of stock driveways and bridges, salting facili- 

 ties, and certain other important phases of range husbandry. 



In addition, the question of the control of live-stock losses from 

 poison plants and from mechanically injurious species should receive 

 full consideration, as should the economic aspect of grubbing, fencing, 

 and other means of controlling the menace due to poisonous and other 

 objectionable plants. The control of range-destroying rodents and 

 other pests should also be covered. 



lA^. Management of Range Live Stock ® 



I. Handling live stock on the range, looking toward proper control 

 in number and distribution of stock on the major range units 

 and on allotments. 2. Judicious husbandry, such as salting, 

 watering, breeding, branding, castrating, shearing, lambing, etc. 

 3. Control of live-stock losses caused (a) by poisonous plants 

 and (&) by predatory animals. 4. Winter live-stock husbandry 

 under range conditions, with special reference to handling, 

 shelter, and supplemental or emergency feeding. (Four credit 

 units.) 



I. Control in the number and distribution of stock on the range is 

 of primary importance, both from the viewpoint of the stock and of 

 the forage crop. Obviously, the determination of the class of stock 

 best suited to a given range and the period during which the lands are 



® Like the curriculum proposed in the course on "Management of the Range," 

 the subject of "Management of Range Live Stock" is so all-comprehensive and 

 the topics to be discussed so numerous that some instructors may desire to cover 

 the field in two courses. As a student, however, I well recall that a one-hour 

 course, for example, accomplished relatively little; as a rule, a three-hour course 

 accomplished well nigh twice as much as one offering but two credits. Academ- 

 ically, then, it seems desirable to the writer to handle the subject as here presented. 

 It might appear logical also to include reconnaissance and the formulation of 

 grazing working plans either in the subject "Management of the Range" or in 

 "Management of Range Live Stock." Reconnaissance and the formulation of 

 grazing working plans, however, are such important subjects and must be taken 

 up in so comprehensive a way as to justify a separate course. 



