INSTRUCTION IN RANGE MANAGEMENT 537 



capable of supporting the animals cannot yield satisfactory results if 

 the number of stock for any appreciable period is excessive and the 

 animals are permitted to congregate too much in one place. 



Because they are not under absolute control at all times, cattle and 

 horses are inclined to drift on a favorite part of a range in numbers 

 far in excess of its forage production, leaving much choice feed on the 

 more remote sidehills and ridges. Stock often find their way to Forest 

 ranges in numbers far in excess of that permitted. This leads to 

 "round-ups," which result in excessive trampling of the range and 

 undue handling of the stock. 



The fencing of Forest boundaries, the judicious use of drift and 

 division fences, the adoption of the tag system, proper distribution of 

 salt, and suitable locations for the development of water are among the 

 most reliable weapons with which to combat excessive drifting and 

 uneven distribution of stock. In handling this subject the instructor 

 should make ample use of topographic type maps and numerous special 

 sketches to show the ideal toward which the range expert is working. 



2. Care in the husbandry of range live stock should aim to determine 

 not only the percentage of increase of the offspring that may reasonably 

 be expected and the condition of flesh of the animals, but also to a 

 considerable extent the maintenance of the forage crop. Little is to be 

 accomplished, for instance, through the use of the latest approved salt 

 receptacle and the selection of suitable salting places, which tend to 

 attract stock to the ridges, sidehills, and other places otherwise not 

 commonly grazed to capacity, if an ample supply of salt is not furnished 

 and properly distributed when the herbage is in the proper stage of 

 development for harvesting. The amount of salt required throughout 

 the season for each animal should be determined in advance, and the 

 amount and dates of its distribution in each salting place clearly indi- 

 cated on a map or in some equally satisfactory way and the plan of 

 distribution strictly carried out. The physiological effect on the animal 

 of inadequate salt should be made clear. 



The following syllabus is designed to cover the subject of the hus- 

 bandry of range sheep. It is hoped that it may also serve as a guide 

 in the development of a course to cover the husbandry of other classes 

 of range stock : 



A. Range Sheep. 



Lambing : 



Methods. 



Equipment. 



Applicability of each system. 



Care of lambs. 



