540 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



the location of such features as water-courses, watering places, roads, 

 trails, etc., familiarity with the forage (type) classification, how to col- 

 lect the various data, the organization of the field party, etc., should be 

 taken up in advance of the field study. In the field the student should 

 do every important phase of the work, from the recording of all the more 

 important data (including the collecting of plant specimens and the 

 preparation of economic notes according to standard methods) to the 

 transfer of the data on the township sheets. 



2. The study following the field-work should begin with the assem- 

 bling of the township maps into the major grazing units, provided, of 

 course, that the mapping has been sufficiently extensive to justify such 

 classification. ^° This should be followed by computations of the surface 

 and forage acres for the various types, the determination of the class 

 and number of stock to be grazed, the location of allotment lines, season 

 of grazing, and other matters pertinent to the management of the range 

 and the range stock. This work, in addition to the preparation of a 

 written report covering matters that cannot be shown on the map, should 

 aim to correspond with the finished reconnaissance and grazing work- 

 ing plan for a Forest, and should cover both intensive and extensive 

 reconnaissance methods. 



VI. Grazing and Forest Protection 



I. Grazing in relation to timber reproduction, to fires, and to the 

 efficiency of watersheds. 2. Grazing and recreational parks and 

 the preservation of game animals. 3. Protection of live stock 

 and the forage crop from insects and disease. (One credit unit.) 



In schools where a course in "forest protection," or possibly where 

 some special course closely allied thereto, is given, a discussion of the 

 foregoing might be made a part of the established course. One lecture 

 per week through the semester, supplemented by considerable side read- 

 ing, should suffice to cover the subjct. 



I. Grazing in relation to timber reproduction is a subject of such vital 

 importance, both to silviculture and to grazing, as to justify very careful 

 consideration. The discussion should cover particularly the relation of 

 the damage inflicted to the reproduction of diflrerent species by the dif- 

 ferent classes of stock in the various regions, the damage according to 

 season and intensity of grazing, the recuperative power of reproduction 

 from varying degrees of injury, composition and abundance of the for- 

 age, age of the timber reproduction, and the management of the stock. 



*" Since only a relatively small area could be mapped by the students, provision 

 should be made for the study of type maps of some Forest upon which the major 

 range unit and allotment boundaries are not included. 



