566 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



light grazing by sheep may do little harm, he does not believe it prac- 

 tical to attempt sheep grazing for a period of three years after clear- 

 cutting. He is of the opinion, however, that the moderate grazing of 

 cattle will still permit a sufficient number of sprouts to survive to form 

 a fully stocked stand. It appears to be necessary in order to obtain an 

 aspen reproduction to either exclude stock altogether for a period of 

 three years, or in the sheep country to shift from sheep to cattle for a 

 three-year period when sheep can again be safely grazed. Where the 

 aspen is not in a cattle country the only necessity in order to obtain 

 reproduction is to control the grazing and properly distribute the stock 

 by means of drift and division fences. 



The bulletin under review is additional evidence of the great injury 

 to forest reproduction on absolute forest land by uncontrolled and 

 unregulated grazing. The accumulated evidence of the past decade 

 should force every thoughtful man to the realization that grazing is a 

 serious menace to the natural reproduction of forests. The first duty 

 of the forester is reproduction. Upon him falls the responsibility for 

 successful crops of timber on absolute forest land under his control. 

 It is his duty, therefore, and not of the stockman, to determine when 

 and where stock should be grazed and when they should be excluded 

 from given stands. It should be his province to decide the grazing 

 possible within the limits of good forestry. The pressure for grazing 

 areas in the West must not force grazing beyond the limits of the forest, 

 thus causing its detriment and possible destruction. 



J. W. T. 



The Administrative Report of the Virginia State Forester for the 

 Calendar Years igi6 and 1917. Charlottesville, Va. 1918. Pp. 81. 



Like several other States, Virginia has lately placed her forestry in- 

 terests into the keeping of her Geological Commission, with a State 

 Forester appointed by the Commission, which is composed of the Gov- 

 ernor, the President of the University of Virginia, the President of the 

 Virginia Polytechnic Institute, the Superintendent of the Virginia Mili- 

 tary Institute, and one citizen appointed by the Governor. 



The office of State Forester was created in 1914; the State Forester 

 was appointed in 191 5 and made at the same time professor in the Uni- 

 versity of Virginia, which, also, bore the expenses (some $5,000) until 

 special appropriations were made in 1916 ($10,000) and furnished 

 office and nursery grounds. The work grew so rapidly that two assist- 

 ant foresters had to be appointed. This work consists in : Forest fire- 



