PERIODICAL LITERATURE 

 BOTANY AND ZOOLOGY 



The following is a key for distinguishing, with 

 Key to |.|^g ^j^ q£ ^ pocket lens, wood of the conifers 



grown in central Europe : 



Woods 



A. Woods without colored heart. 



1. Without resin ducts. 



Fir — Abies pectinata. 



2. With tine resin ducts. 



Spruce — Picea excelsa. 



B. Woods with colored heart. 



1. Without resin ducts. 



(o) Hard and heavy woods. 



Heart dark brown; sap narrow, yellowish; annual rings irregularly 

 circular (undulating). 

 Yew — Taxus haccata. 

 (b) Soft and light woods. 



*Sap very wide, yellowish; heart rose red; agreeable odor. 



Pencil cedar — Jiiiiipcnis Virgiiiiana (North America). 

 **Sap wide, yellowish; heart light brown; odor almost lacking. 

 Common juniper — Juniperns communis. 



2. With resin ducts. 



(o) Hard and heavy woods. Fallwood sharply distinguished on both 

 sides. 

 *Sapwood wide, even on old trees; heart brown (light when freshly 

 cut); resin ducts numerous and distinct; knots in whorls. 

 Scotch pine — Piiius silz'estris. 

 Austrian pine — Finns laricio. 

 **Sapwood on old stems, narrow; heart red brown (dark when 

 freshly cut); resin ducts less numerous and tiner ; knots scat- 

 tered. 

 Larch — Larix Europea. 

 (b) Soft and light woods. Fallwood not sharply distinct on inner side. 

 Knots in whorls. Resin ducts very plain. 

 *Mostly narrow-ringed; knotty (year's growth is short); heart 

 light brown ; bark fissures brown. 

 Stone pine — Finns cembra. 

 **Few knots (year's growth long) ; heart pale violet brown. Bark 

 fissures pale violet. 



White pine — Finns strobiis. 



W. N. S. 



Naturwissenschaftliche Zeitschrift fiir Forst-und Landwirtschaft. Jan. -Feb., 

 1918, pp. 98-99. 



SILVICULTURE, PROTECTION. AND EXTENSION 



It is interesting to record that the activities 



Reforesting of the American forestry battalions did not con- 



Pine Areas sist in forest utilization alone. Captain H. D. 



in France Hopkinson reports that '"in return for being 



permitted to clear-cut large areas of pine in the 



forests of Brotonne and Rouvray, it was agreed, at the request of the 



