580 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



value, not forgetting, however, the ordinance of 1669 which provides 

 one quarter to be placed in reserve. 



For the selection forest in Baden, first a "preliminary" felling 

 budget is made up of decadent trees and such as are to be removed 

 from silvicultural considerations and the final budget is then based on 

 the Heyer formula, using, however, for the increment the current 

 total increment, and not the final felling age increment. 



In Prussia and x'Msace-Lorraine the annual average increment is 

 used in the same formula. 



The requirement of an age-class table with areas, and a calculated 

 rotation appears to the author not germane to the character of the 

 selection forest and contrary to its nature, at least in Swiss conditions. 



After having referred to the fact that in Prussia for forest subdivis- 

 ion a rationally projected net of roads is made the basis, the author 

 criticizes the attempts of the various instructions to introduce theoret- 

 ical discussion on determming lotation by soil rent and forest rent and 

 index per cent calculations, since "these old polemic questions are 

 mainly of managerial, that is, silvicultural nature, wl^irh cannot be 

 secured by organization but by a rational treatment of the woorls; a 

 silviculture based on natural history is still lacking." 



Turning now to the principles which should underlie Swiss instruc- 

 tions for working plans, the author suggests that a general statement 

 of the object of public forests is desirable. Increase of production 

 and making useful waste places may be stated as the foremost aim, 

 and the political questions of administrative organization to attain this 

 object in Switzerland are discussed. A complete systematic schedule 

 of "leading points of view," that should guide the organizer in political, 

 economic, and technical direction, is given on four pages and discussed 

 at length. We brief only the more technical parts of general interest. 



In the section on increment the author demands that ascertainment 

 of stock and control of felling budget must in the working plans and 

 their revisions form a whole built on the same principles to furnish 

 the basis for a correct increment determination, the total periodic 

 increment being the most acceptable measure for judging the influence 

 of management. Since the maximum of volume and value increment 

 do not coincide in time, it is the business of organization to find and 

 work for the most advantageous relations between stock and incre- 

 ment. The dangers and errors in ascertaining current increment of 

 stands by analysis of sample trees is accentuated, since this method 

 is still recommended by authorities. A correct stand increment 

 statement can be arrived at only by repeated complete measurement 



