602 JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



solely as a business proposition. Forestry work has been practically 

 free from friction with the other departments and the forester has been 

 able to carry out most of the plans made by constantly working for 

 results that were practical under the conditions existing on each area 

 being logged and disregarding many points which, for the immediate 

 good of the forest, he would have liked to put through, but which 

 experience warned would be financially impracticable. 



Xearly the entire holdings of this corporation are rolling or moun- 

 tainous and are so far from railroads that cutting hardwoods has not 

 been attempted, as all logs must be floated down river to the mills. It 

 is hoped that soon some means for logging the old growth maple and 

 birch may be worked out, as there is a very large quantity on the 

 lower slopes of the mountains which prevents handling the spruce to 

 the best silvicultural advantage and hinders new growth of all spruce. 



In general, the method of controlling the cutting has been to mark all 

 trees to be taken and to inspect the area after the logs are cut and 

 removed. No fixed diameter limit has been used, but an attempt has 

 been made to leave a sufficient number of the youjiger and smaller 

 trees for a profitable future cut and, at the same time, not materially 

 to increase the present logging costs, which are on many areas, at best, 

 almost prohibitive. The cutting has taken spruce, balsam, and hemlock 

 to something like lO inches d. b. h., on an average, on the lower 

 ground, 12 inches d. b. h. on the spruce and hardwood land, and 

 either everything or nothing on the exposed upper slopes. 



About one-third of the forester's time has been devoted to the study 

 of costs and to making tests in the woods and at the mills. Some time 

 is spent on each logging job each season making time studies and deter- 

 mining costs of felling, bucking, skidding, drawing, road-building, etc. 



A very large number of measvirements have been made to deter- 

 mine average taper for various species and sizes of logs, percentage 

 of bark, both of measure and weight, and the amount of shrinkage in 

 weight and measure due to seasoning in the woods. These figures are 

 of value in determining the cost of handling material and especially m 

 how much rough green stock in the woods will yield a certain amount 

 of seasoned, peeled wood at the mill. A considerable number of 

 tests have also been made at the mills to determine the product and 

 the relative costs and values for various log sizes. Total cost and value 

 figures are essential in determining what log sizes can profitably be 

 taken from the woods. 



Considerable money is spent each year for fire protection — expe- 

 rienced men patrol the woodlands during the dry season, and tele- 



