aiS JOURNAL OF FORESTRY 



Special care should be taken not to leave spruce infected with rust as 

 seed trees, since this fungus, which is easily recognized by the deciduous 

 brooms produced, frequently attacks and damages the reproduction. 

 The seat of infection is very often on the main shoot. Since all trees 

 upon the area excepting the seed trees will be cut, there is no need for 

 marking rules other than the ones recommended for the seed trees. 



The Lodgepole-pine Type 



Mason^* gives two principal objects of lodgepole-pine management, 

 and as a means of attaining these objects discusses the various methods 

 of cutting to be applied. Clear cutting is recommended for overmature 

 stands, and the group-selection method for mature stands. Improve- 

 ment thinnings are applied to young stands. In many of the opera- 

 tions in the lodgepole-pine belt, especially in the Deerlodge National 

 Forest, close utilization makes it easier to recommend the cutting of all 

 defective trees. The character of the material utilized, along with the 

 market demand, makes it possible to sell timber which would not be 

 considered merchantable in sales of other species or of lodgepole in 

 other localities. StuUs, mine props, converter poles, lagging, fence posts, 

 ties, and cordwood are the principal uses for the wood cut, and such 

 material too defective for use in one class can be used in another. A 

 large amount of defective material (barring rotted wood) is utilized as 

 cordwood. This favors the cutting of all diseased trees, whether mer- 

 chantable or unmerchantable, upon the sale area and insures a healthier 

 stand for the next rotation. The fact that lodgepole is the principal 

 reproduction on sale areas in the lodgepole type makes it doubly impor- 

 tant that the future crop be protected from all diseases distributed by the 

 trees of the old stand. It is, therefore, necessary, where clear cutting 

 with seed trees is applied, to select seed trees which are free from all 

 root, butt, and heart rots, rust, and mistletoe, in order to prevent the 

 spread of disease, the infection of the adjacent young stand, or the re- 

 production and to minimize the chances of loss by windfall. In the 

 group-selection cutting, the danger by windfall should be guarded 

 against, and the trees left upon the area should be selected with this 

 point in mind. Wherever reproduction or young growth not yet at the 

 infection age is intended to be left on the area after cutting, care should 

 be taken, as a protective measure, to mark all diseased trees to be cut. 

 Particular attention should be given to mistletoe-infected trees, since 

 this parasite is usually very abundant in most of the southern Montana 

 forests and is principally confined to lodgepole pine. The mistletoe of 



