PERIODICAL LITERATURE 729 



to fix satisfactory average prices. (4) The efforts to get as much fire- 

 wood as possible tended to decrease the amount of timber for other 

 uses, which was needed as much as fuel. 



Tharaiidter Forstliches Jahrbuch, 69 Bd., 4 Heft, 1918, pp. 180-183. 



UTILIZATION, MARKET, AND TECHNOLOGY 



In time of peace German industries required 



Development of each year 82,000 tons of resin, practically all of 



the Turpentine which was imported. Of course, the war shut off 



Indtistry in imports except from Austria, which produces 



Gcniianv during some resin; so the Resin Section of the War 



the War Committee for Oils and Fats busied itself with 



the solution of the difficulty by (a) organizing 



distribution so as to conserve supplies, (b) introducing substitutes in 



order to reduce the demand, and (c) organizing domestic production 



of resin. 



The principal users of resin products include the following: The 

 paper industry, which uses it for sizing writing paper and the better 

 magazine and book papers. This industry was able to reduce its con- 

 sumption of rosin by the use of substitutes — a patent rosinless "Zellkoll- 

 Amal-Leini" was developed by the committee, which was used in writ- 

 ing paper. Where rosin was used it was used more sparingly, while 

 the decreased production of this kind of paper itself helped the situa- 

 tion. On the other hand, the textile industry made use of large quan- 

 tities of sized paper for sacks, twine, wagon tops, covers, belts, ropes, 

 "linen," and outer clothing of all colors and patterns. The cable in- 

 dustry uses rosin for insulation and electrical transformers contain 

 rosin oil. Now rosin is used only for high tension cables, for which it 

 is considered essential. The soap industry uses rosin entirely in place 

 of fats, since fats are no longer available for this use. The printers' 

 and lithographers' ink industry needs rosin for its inks. Coumaron- 

 rosin, a coal-tar derivative made in the production of benzol, was very 

 generally substituted for this use and may be detected by the odor of 

 the newspapers. Brewers, who normally use large quantities of rosin 

 for calking their kegs, were able to decrease consumption by more 

 careful use and elimination of waste. The axle-grease industry uses 

 much rosin, as does the linoleum industry. The varnish industry, 

 which uses turpentine for a drier and a solvent, was taken care of by 

 the use of coumaron products. A number of other uses, such as shoe- 

 makers, preservative oils, shell manufacturers, and sealing wax, were 



