PERIODICAL LITERATURE 735 



with beech, which had been boxed in 1916. He tried the bore method 

 with flasks (Wislicenus) and the groove method. The disadvantage of 

 the first are the lower yields and the greater cost. The resin obtained 

 by this method cost 2.21 marks per kilogram for labor, as against 0.46 

 marks by the other method. The bottles are hard to empty and are 

 liable to excessive breakage. It was necessary to suspend operations 

 during the huckleberry season, because the children stole and broke so 

 many bottles. It may be possible to improve the method by developing 

 a machine to do the boring and by using cylindrical flasks. The method 

 requires a fairly thick, firm bark to hold the bottles. 



The groove method showed larger yields by grooving the old faces 

 together with working the new area above than by the new grooving 

 alone. The work was done by girls working in pairs. Two girls can 

 make from 2,000 to 2,300 original grooves per day, or from 2,400 to 

 2,600 of the "follow-up" grooves. 



Wislicenus admits that his method, which uses flasks set in auger- 

 holes, produces less resin than Splettstosser's groove method, but 

 asserts that it is greatly superior in quality. The resin obtained yields 

 from 33 to 35 per cent turpentine, as compared with from 22 to 27 per 

 cent by the groove method. The resin caught in bottles is clean, melts 

 quickly, and stays liquid a long time, while that caught in open recep- 

 tacles loses considerable turpentine by evaporation, melts slowly, and 

 resumes a tallowy consistency within a day. It is also liable to become 

 mixed with insects, twigs, needles, pieces of bark, and rain-water. 



The auger-hole method may be improved upon, but even as it is it 

 has the advantage of doing away with the preliminary removal of outer 

 bark, which the other method requires. It is more sparing of the tree, 

 and the entire operation can be carried on by women and children. 

 Holes, which should extend from i to 3 centimeters into the wood, do 

 not seriously injure the value of the tree for lumber. The yield per 

 tree is bound to be less, because the aggregate amount of cut surface 

 by this method can be only about half as much as that by the other 

 method. 



Forstmeister Gundel says that the auger-hole method yields less but 

 better resin, but that it requires holes at least 12 cm. deep to hold the 

 bottles, and that deep holes spoil part of the lumber in the butt of the 

 tree. The adze method has had its day and should be replaced every- 

 where by the groove method, which involves less work and yields more. 

 With the general adoption of this method the question of good and 

 cheap receptacles for catching the resin will be very important, since 



