PERIODICAL LITKRATURK 739 



The resin should be gathered in pails and put into kegs. Since the 

 supply of kegs is short and cannot be replaced at this time (1918), they 

 should be used carefully. Staves and hoops should be kept tight and 

 empties should be stored in cool places to prevent excessive drying. 



Cutting by the groove method should start early in May or even late 

 in April. Cutting with the adze does not yield results until late in 

 June. Operations may continue to October. 



Organization of the work and rates of pay are important. There 

 are not yet available (1918) sufficient figures as to what workers should 

 accomplish in a day. Two women ought to do all the work on from 

 1,500 to 2,000 trees. Barking should be paid for according to area 

 barked, the other work according to the kilograms of resin obtained. 

 Women and school children can do all of the work. 



Schepss recites the results of experiments made in the spring of 1918 

 near Wurzburg. The yields of 39 selected Scotch pines worked by a 

 number of different methods and combinations of methods were 

 studied. The study showed the following : 



(i) Good yields were obtained as early as March and continued in 

 excess of the i-gram per centimeter per "turn," which had been sug- 

 gested as an average yield, during the period of the study (through 

 May). (Weather conditions during this spring were unusually favor- 

 able.) 



(2) Working downward yielded more than working upward, al- 

 though upward working yielded some resin, even in the first of the 

 season. 



(3) The American method, working downward instead of upward, 

 yielded more than the herring-bone method. 



(4) Cutting both above and below at the same time gave almost 

 twice as much resin as cutting on one side only, so may be used on 

 stands which are to be cut soon afterwards. 



(5) There is no particular advantage to be gained by freshening old 

 cuts, except perhaps in case of premature stopping of the flow. 



(6) Stems worked the previous year yielded on the average 50 per 

 cent more than new trees. (A few on heavy clay soil yielded less.) 



(7) The author, even though handicapped by a wounded foot (re- 

 ceived in battle), was able to cut 800 pairs of grooves per day. 



(8) The shady sides of the trees yielded more than the sunny sides. 

 The highest average yields came from the northeast faces. 



(9) Although the rapidity of flow differed very widely in different 

 trees, on the whole 95 per cent of the total flow ran out within 19 hours 

 after the cut was made. It is believed that morning is the best time to 



