C. W. Richardson 173 



abnormal. As may be seen it produces leaves like those of monophylla, 

 others bifoliate and trifoliate in no set order. This plant, though in 

 its third season, has as yet produced no Howers. 



§ II. Garden Hybrids. 



Something of the origin of the modern Garden Strawberry is known, 

 but its whole history is not. It springs fr(3m an old form of Garden 

 Strawberry, the results of crosses between vescas, Alpines and Hautbois. 

 This older form was again crossed with F. virginiana, introduced in 1629, 

 and F. chiloensis, introduced to Marseilles in 1712 and to England in 

 1727 by Philip Miller. These crosses were again crossed with F. anan- 

 assa (F. grandiflora^), introduced fi'om Holland during the eighteenth 

 century. The origin of this plant is unknown. It was said to have 

 been brought fi-om Surinam, where to-day there are said to be no straw- 

 berries. It is also said to have been a variety of virginiana brought 

 from Carolina. It may be a chinensis cross, as Holland received many 

 plants from China during the eighteenth century. Whatever its origin 

 all our best garden varieties of to-day are descended from Fr. ananassa 

 crosses. I have selfed 8 varieties of garden fruit, producing over 1000 

 plants. Not one resembles a vesca, or an Alpine, but many show distinct 

 traces of chiloensis, more of virginiana and not a few of chinensis. The 

 leaf-character of Hautbois occasionally appears in those of French origin, 

 and I have met with it in the offspring of " Latest of All " — a variety 

 derived by Laxton from the French Helena Gloede as one parent. 



Perpetuals. 



There is no precise record of the parentage of the first perpetuals. 

 It is generally stated that they were crosses of garden varieties and 

 Alpines — the perpetual habit (i.e. the habit of flowering and fruiting 

 more than once in a season) coming from the Alpines. I have crossed 

 Alpines with garden varieties, but have invariably found the resulting 

 plants produce very poorly developed flowers, which have no pollen, and, 

 when crossed back with their original parents, produce very few seeds, 



1 Miller's Figures of Plants, Vol. ii. 1760. — "Some Persons have affirmed it" (Fr. 

 ananasse) "was brought from Louisiana; others, that it came from Virginia; but I 

 received some Plants of this Kind from a curious Gentleman of Amsterdam, who assured 

 me they were brought from Surinam." 



Cf. Duchesne, Histoire Natnrelle des Fraisiers, p. 190, Paris, 1766. Also J. Gay, 

 Annales des Sciences Naturelles, viii. 1857, p. 204. Also Knight, Tr. Hort. Soc. iii. p. 207. 

 None of these accept the Surinam theory of the ' ' curious Gentleman." 



•lourn. of Gen. iii 12 



