lo Mar.. 191 1.] Layi)ii^ out Orchards in tlie Irrigated Areas. 197 



When trees are recei\ed from a nurseryman, place the roots in a trench 

 and cover with moistened soil until readv to set out. When planting, be 

 careful to keep the bud or graft well above the .surface, and in irrigating 

 'do not let water come in contact with the stems except bv way of seepage. 



It is necessary with all young trees to head them back at time of 

 planting in order to insure short stocky stems and symmetrical branches, 

 and the reader is referred for instruction on this point and the subsequent 

 care and treatment of his trees to that excellent work. Fruit Tree Pruning, 

 by G. Quinn, and published by the South Australian Department of 

 Agriculture. The horticultural articles contributed to the Journal by 

 Mr. E. E. Pescott and other Departmental experts should also be care- 

 fully read. 



In the sketch will be noticed a strip of land marked "Lucerne." 

 The provision, or otherwi.se, of this is left to the judgment of the owner. 

 'The arrows indicate the fall of the land, and it is obvious that any 

 surplus water from irrigation, or otherwise, must spill over 0:1 this strip, 

 unless, in the general scheme of irrigation works, provision is made for 

 drainage. Assuming that it is not, this strip makes a very convenient 

 " safety valve," and precludes any waste, for no matter how careful an 

 irrigator may become, nor how expert, occasions arise when water may 

 •come down in excessive volume without the irrigator's volition. Of 

 course, any irrigable crop besides lucerne may be grown, but as the owner 

 will almost certainly pos.sess a cow and one or two horses, abundant rich 

 fodder will be provided with the minimum of effort ; and trouble with 

 channel authorities will be avoided. 



A good plan in laving out orchards or vineyards, esijfcially in exposed 

 loc-alities, is to provide some sort of breakwind. As it is well to make 

 some profit out of this, the owner is recommended to plant a double row 

 of some good commercial almond, at least along those sides of his plan- 

 tation most affected by prevailing winds ; to completely surround it is 

 preferable. Almonds do not require so much room or attention as most 

 other deciduous fruits. The distance apart for a single row may be 

 15 feet, and for a double row 20 feet, spacing the trees as in the orchard 

 itself and for which the necessary measurements may be extracted from 

 the table. 



Another very excellent breakwind is made from olives and may prove 

 more suitable should there be means of dealing with the fruit com- 

 mercially. It is a slower growing tree than the almond, but it has the 

 advantage of being an evergreen and of producing a fruit that does not 

 as a rule appeal to the palate of the pilferers. In planting vineyards, 

 whether for dried products or wine the square system is preferred. A 

 good result will follow from making the rows 10 feet apart and plantinj: 

 the vines 8 feet apart in the rows, except in the case of /.ante currants 

 and sultana.s, when the vines, which must be trellised to secure best 

 results, may be placed t6 feet apart. 



It ni;iy ha])|)(n that .some individual circtunstanccs have been over- 

 lfX)ked, such as dealing with an area of irregular shape, in which latter 

 case the reader is referred to the article on irrigation previously men- 

 tioned. Should furihcr particulars l)e dcsin^d th<-\ will Ix- |iromptly 

 supplied on ap]ilication. 



In conchision, purcha.se. if possilile, only one vc.ir dM trees or vines; 

 not only is nothing gained by gt'tting them older, but Miy much is lost. 

 Purchase only from reputable nurserymen who will guarantee the varieties 

 sold. 



