lo April, 19 h] 



Irngaiioi:. 



319 



67. DRAINAGE METHODS. 



venience, in addition to longer lengths. A piece of pipe or tough wood 3 



feet long shipped in the eye of the auger Avill serve as a handle; two pipe 



wrenches, a can of oil, and a can of water complete the equipment. At 



the site to be bored, fix a piece of hardwood 24 inches x 9 inches x 2 inches, 



having a 3-inch hole cut in its centre, and bore through this hole. From 



time to time, as the bore progresses, add water sparingly, and do rot attempt 



to bore more than about 6 inches at a time, or difficultv will be experienced 



in withdrawing the rods. If the rods do 



stick, care must be exercised in reversing 



the auger or it may unscrew from the rods 



and be lost. If moderate reversing does 



not effect the purpo.se, ship a lever or jack 



under the handle and try a direct lift. 



Keep all joints well oiled. Chalk marks 



on the rods will assist in regulating the 



amount of each "bite." Samples from 



the bore are conveniently kept in a shallow 



trench on the surface, made V .shaped and 



about 3 inches deep with pegs along its 



eflge e\ery 6 inches or 12 inches, the 



length of the trench corresponding with 



the depth of the bore. 



If it is found impossible to water without - 



a ■>■ ,L 1 ^ r ^U 111- ''■'•gct>on d,str,butory Channels 



tloodmg the lower end of the paddock, ui Pnvnogt i^n^ 



the absence of any provision for drainage, 

 it is good practice to establish a lucerne 

 plot there to take the overflow. Drainage is the inseparable corollary of 

 irrigation, and too frequentlv little or no attention is paid to it either by 

 the State or the individual. It is as important to get water oflF land as 

 on it, and though it mav be costly it must Ije faced sooner or later, or 

 much valuable land will be ruined along with the owner. The Goulburn 

 V^alley lends itself admirablv to effective drainage, being intersected at 

 frequent intervals by drv wat<-rcour>-es. mr,stly trending in a north- 

 westerly direction towards the 

 rivers. At Mil dura, there is 

 no surji favourable condi- 

 tion, and resort is had to 

 undergrounfl tile drains, lead- 

 ing exentually to wells sunk 

 to pt-rmeable strata. Some 

 further remarks on drainage 

 will appear later. A good 

 illustration of the meaning 

 of effective drainage is 

 afforded bv thr .ucomiiany- 

 ing drawing (•o[)itd from 

 the Kuc vclopadia Britannic a 

 (No. 67). I "he left jjortion of tlif diagram shows irrigation properly com- 

 bined with (hainage, whilst th< right is laid out regardless of drainage 

 required later. 



Great care is necessary in w.iidiing tlie effects nf water for successive 

 years and endeavouring to prevei,t a state of saturation ; it i"an much more 

 easily l)e achieved than .ivoided. and once acliieved it is no child's play 



I 2 



68. ORCHARD CULTIVATOR. 



