lo July, 1911-] 



T'///e Diseases in France. 



465 



against Mildew, even in the south of France, when the disease is less 

 virulent than in moister parts. 



First Spraying.— When the young shoots are about 6 inches long. 

 Second Spraying. — Immediately after blossoming. 

 Third Spraying. — About six weeks after the second, or before the 

 fruit commences to change colour. 



In moister regions, and exceptional seasons, these three regulation spray- 

 uigs must be supplemented by additional ones. It is not uncommon in 

 districts very liable to Mildew to give as many as six or seven sprayings. 

 Sometimes the supplementary treatments are made in the shape of copper 

 containing powders applied in exactly the same way as sulphur. At the 

 vineyards of the Salins du Midi Company, near Montpellier, the three 

 ;sprayings cost annually 17s. id. per acre, of which sum 7-r5ths represent 

 the purchase of copper sulphate. 



Oidium and Mildew are occasionally combated simultaneously, by the 

 addition of sulphur to the Bordeaux or other copper compound, used to 

 spray for the latter. 



The quantity of spray mixture required varies greatly according to cir- 

 cumstances. In the Burgundy district, where vines are planted very close, 

 about 60 gallons are required to spray an acre. 



For many years, the 

 Knapsack spray pump, of 

 Avhich there are many 

 models, was generally em- 

 ployed for spraying vines. 

 Within the past few 

 years, considerable im- 

 provements ha^•e been 

 made, large traction ma- 

 chines, drawn by horses 

 or mules, and capable of 

 treating several rows at a 

 time, are largely used. 

 An illustration here re- 

 produced, shows another 

 form, in which the spray- 

 ing mixture is carried on a pack horse, and forced through the nozzles by 

 means of compressed air. Such an arrangement is very convenient in 

 districts where summer pruning is not practised, and spray pumps mounted 

 •on wheels cnuhl not p :r:s in the rows. 



J^LACK. Rot {Guignardia Bidivcllii). 



This fleadly vine disease cannot be pas.sed over, in s])ite of the fact 

 that its appearance in Victoria is even more improbable than that of Downy 

 Mildew, for the re.'son that it requires consider.iblv more moisture for its 

 flevelo])ment than that fungus. In the south of France, it is practically 

 -luiknown, but in many moister regions its ravages are very severely felt. 

 Under rlimatic conditions suitable for its development, it is ^x'rhaps the 

 worst of all fungus disea.ses of the vine. In the eastern States of the 

 North American Union, it is mainly responsible for the fact that Furopean 

 vines cannot be successfully grown, tncii if grafted on resistant stocks. 



The appearance of the di.sea.se will Im- understood from the illustration. 

 Though it attacks all growing portions of tiie vine, it is to the grape that 

 the damage is most serious. When these are attacked they first appear as 





2^*. 



^L-^.' 



COMPRESSED AIR SPRAYING MACHINE. 



