lo Aug., 1911.] Orcliard and Cardcii A'otes. 529. 



The best varieties can be grafted upon tiie hardier ones. This opera- 

 tion should be performed at the same time, and in the same way as 

 ordinary deciduous fruiting trees, i.e., in early spring. 



The cooler or mountainous districts having a good average rainfall 

 are the most suitable for propagating or growing these nuts. The trees 

 flourish best upon a deep free soil. 



Currant and Gooseberry. 



The Ijest method of propagating these two kinds of small fruits is 

 from cuttings. 



Select straight well-matured past-season's growths, and make into- 

 cuttings about 12 or 14 in. in length. Remove all buds or eyes, ex- 

 cepting two, three, or four near the terminal end of the cutting. When- 

 removing the buds, use a sharp knife. Do not break the buds out, but 

 cut clearly, removing the node as well. If this is neglected, they will 

 probably send up suckers. 



Plant the cuttings down half their length in the soil and about 3 lO' 

 4 in. apart. Keep well watered, if necessary, during the summer months. 

 The following winter they may be lifted, pruned and planted out 

 permanently. 



These small fruits require a cool district having a good average rain- 

 fall, if they are to be grown to perfection. They prefer a deep loose 

 soil with good drainage. As the Root Rot fungus {Armillaria mellca) is 

 prevalent in the mountainous districts suitable for propagating or growing 

 these fruits, the instructions re pre])ar,ation of soil, given on [lage 342, 

 should be followed. A dressing of lime will greatly lessen the risk of 

 attack, besides benefiting the soil, if deficient in that constituent. 



Vine. 

 The vine is now chiefly propagated by using the phylloxera-resistant 

 varieties as stock for working upon, bench or field grafting being 

 practised. 



Cuttings or layers root freely. If layering, peg down the young 

 matured growth in the winter. When making an incision, cut just below 

 a bud. When preparing cuttings, cut below an apex bud. Do not 

 remove any buds from the cuttings. 



{To be c 0)i1i lilted .) 



OKCllARD AND CIARDEX NOTES. 



E. E. Peseoit. I'riiicipal, Iluriieidtural Seliool, Burnley. 



The Orcliard. 



August is the month when a good amount of orchard work requires- 

 completion, and when a new lot of work must be started. It is really 

 the beginning of the orchardist's year. Pruning should be completed, 

 winter spraying and manuring should W finished, and plaiiling of deciduous 

 trees should be at an end. 



If any of these works remain unlinished. tluy sliould l>e pusheil on 

 at once, as it will be necessary, towards the end of the month, to consider 

 the coming spring operations. One season's work should be completed 

 thoroughly, before tiie time arrives to nmimence the next set of operations. 



In addition to the completion of these necessary works, a start should 

 be made, if it has not already l>en done, to prepare for tht^ planting 



