59© Journal of .\gricultiirc , Victoria. [i i Sept., jqii. 



In each variety, when of its full possible size, the lower portion of the 

 escutcheon is somewhat shield -shaped, with the corners reaching to the 

 twist of the thigh ; and the sides sloping down from that point to inside 

 the thigh below th^ udder. The upper portion in the four first-named, and 

 also in the Square, curves from the corners of the shield, inwards and up- 

 wards towards the base of the tail. With the exce.ption of the Horizontal, 

 in all others it runs up and across the perineum in varying shapes. Briefly 

 described : — 



The Flanders e::tends up to about the base of the tail covering all the 

 surface between thf thighs from the udder to the genital opening (vulva). 



The Left Flanders runs up on the left side only. The photograph of 

 this in No. 4 does not show this left side as it should be, on account of the 

 tufts of down-growing hair running through it, which show in light 

 markings. 



The Selvage runs up through the middle of the perineum, as is plainly 

 shown in Figs. 5 and 6. 



The' Dotible Selvage is very clearly shown in 8. It runs up both sides, 

 leaving a strip of descending hair down the centre, which may extend all, 

 or only part of the way, to the udder. 



The Curveline extends in an arched line across, which is also clearly 

 shown. 



The Demijohn has the upper portion short, and more or less straight 

 across the top. this upper portion being something of a short selvage ; and 

 the whole escutcheon of this variety when full has the formation of the 

 " ace of -sxiades." 



The Square may be described as a Flanders with a right angle section 

 cut out of the upper right side. Fig. 16 .shows this \ariety almost 

 ] erfectly. 



The Limousin has the arched line of the Curveline replaced by an 

 ^ngle in the centre line. Fig. 18 is very exact in upper outline, but is 

 /ather narrow in the shield. 



The Bicorn may .be described as a diminutive Double Selvage, extend- 

 ing up only a short distance, and ending sharp. That shown in Fig. 20 

 ia very .small, even of its class. 



The horizontal has only the lower or shield formation ; the top line 

 crossing from corner to corner more or less straight across. The " leather " 

 ov wrinkling at the top of the udder often prevents these markings from 

 being plainly shown in photographs ; but in handling the cow they will 

 be easily distinguished. 



The four sub- varieties or classes in each main variety, which are re- 

 ferred to later on as A, B, C. and D respectively, range l)y comparative 

 reduction from what should be the full extent of each in A class, down 

 to what might be the .smallest, in IJ class. The decrea.se from class to 

 class may be roughly estimated at about 25 per cent. Both upper and 

 lower portions of the escutcheon, as well as the number and extent of 

 adverse tufts — which are described later — are to be considered in making 

 this estimate. 



Besides the ten main \cirifties. with their thirty sub-varieties, crossed 

 forms of the main varieties are frequently rhet with, such as that shown in 

 Fig. 23. These must be valued hv comparison with those varieties from 

 which they are derived, or which at least thev resemble. 



At various points on the surface of the escutcheon, there will frequently 

 be found down-growing tufts of hair. These indicate a shortening of the 

 milking term. Such markings are of a more or less elongated oval shape. 



