592 



Journal of Agriculture , Victoria. [ii Sept., lyir 



and are referred to hereafter a.s "■ tufts"; and the position of each i& 

 indicated in the several photographs as follows: — 



{a) Cuissard, or thigh tufts (encroaching on udder), Figs. 3 and 4. 



{b) Perineal tufts (on perineum). Figs. 5 and 8. 



{c) Ischiatic or buttock tufts (near buttock), Nos. 4, g^ and 10. 



{d) Babian tufts (at side of vulva), Figs. 5 and 20. 



{e) Vulvan tuft (descending from vulva). Fig. 2. 



These five tufts are all faultv markings, to be considered of significance- 

 according to their size and number, and point always to some diminutioiti 

 of the milking term ; and more especially is this reduction marked if the- 

 hair of the tufts is coarse and bright. 



There are two other markings which must not be confounded with those- 

 five just mentioned, for they are favourable indications. They are : — 



(/) Udder ovals (on back quarters of udder). Fig. 9. 



\g) Mesian tuft (dart-shaped, on perineum). Figs. 11 and 12. 



If the udder ovals are of coarse hair their value is reduced; whereas those- 

 of fine .soft hair are only found on hea^y milking cows. 



The mesian "tuft" is really an extension of the up-growing hair irt- 

 the form of a dart, occurring in tho.se \-arieties that otherwise do not'runi 

 up the perineum. It points to an extended milking term. 



As the milk flow is somewhat reduced naturally, shortly after the cow is 

 again in calf, that period is taken as the failing point when estimating the 

 continuity. Thus, reference to a cow as giving fifteen quarts for eight 

 months will mean that her maximum daily yield in the flush will be fifteen 

 quarts, and she will hold to about one month from her next calving. 

 Twelve quarts for six months would mean a twelve-quart maximum from a 

 cow that would dry oft' about three months before freshening again. If a 

 cow^ does not get in calf she may milk on for a year or longer without going 

 dry ; though her milk will vary in quantity according to the food available. 



The following table may be taken as approximate of the milk produc- 

 tion possible from cows of medium size in the several varieties and classes- 

 as indicated by their escutcheons. It should be explained that, inasmuch 

 as cows usually calve once a year, they may be taken to be in milk three 

 months on the average before falling in calf. This period (three months) ^ 

 has therefore been added in all ca.ses (see last column), so that the full 

 lactation period may be estimated. 



Under properV'onditions of feeding and managtment. 



