^12 



Journal of Agriculture, Victoria. [ii Sep,t., 191 i. 



HARDEE. 



17. HAND 

 HAMMER. 



the four sides of the block. There are also a number of differently shaped 

 holes running through it which are used for numerous purposes. It 

 costs approximately £\ per cwt. One weighing i cwt. will be ample for 

 the requirements. The hand -punch (No. 21) is about 8 in. long and is 

 tapered to \ in. diameter at the point. This is a very convenient size, 

 although other sizes and shapes are made. It is used 

 for making holes in cold or hot metal. 

 If the thickness does not exceed | in. 

 it is punched cold, as in the case of 

 making a hood and chimney for the 

 forge; but above that thickness the 

 metal should be heated. 



The centre punch (No. 22) is for 

 marking positions on metal. In drill- 

 ing holes, it is essential that a centre 

 mark be made, so as to start the drill 

 at the correct place. Likewise, when a 

 hole is to be punched in hot metal the 

 position is first marked with the centre 

 punch ; the iron is then heated and the 

 hole driven through. If the holes were 

 marked with a. pencil or with chalk, the marks would become obliterated 

 when heated. 



The various tongs shown are : Flat tongs (No. 23), hollowbits (No. 24), 

 fliers (No. 25), and pincei tongs (No. 26), are about the most useful shapes 

 to start with. The flat tongs, by having a groove along the centre of the 

 jaws, will hold small round or square iror 

 as well as flat. A pair made to grip \ in. flat 

 will hold \ in. or | in. round or square. The 

 hollowbits are designed to grip 

 round metal, but they will hold 

 square or flat as well. It would 

 be best to get a pair to hold 

 f in. diameter ; they may then 

 be used for holding | in. or f 

 in. octagonal steel, or f in. 

 round or square iron. The 

 pliers are called by some 

 " the handy tongs," because 

 they will catch hold of so many 

 different .shapes and sizes. They 

 can be made to pick up a pin ; 

 and, without any alteration, 

 will fit around an object mea- 

 suring 3 in. diameter with the 

 larger bow and i in. diameter 

 with the smaller. The pincer 

 tongs are of a shape that can 

 be used for many jobs. They 

 hold bolt- heads, round or square 

 iron from i in. to \\ in., the heads of tools, chisels. &c. 



The remaining tools required are as follows : — Flat and half round 

 bastard cut -files ; several round and square files of assorted sizes j a rule 

 (a brass one costing is. is to be preferred to any other, because it is not 

 injured when measuring hot iron — it will not burn like a wooden one or 



SLEDGE HAMMER. 



19. SWAGE. 



