lo Oct.. 191 t.] Orcluird and Garden \afts. 669 



Spraying. 



Spraying for all pests and diseases is now a })reeminent work in the 

 orchard. Bordeaux spraying for black spot of apples and pears ; for 

 scab and shothole in apricots and peaches ; for leaf curl of peach ; and 

 for rust of plums and peaches should now be completed. Where there 

 are indications that previous sprayings have not been thoroughly success- 

 ful, a second spraying should be given. 



Wherever they are present, nicotine sprays should be used to combat 

 peach aphis, and the pear and cherry slug. For the latter pest, arsenate 

 of lead should not be used if the cherries are within a month of ripening. 

 Arsenate of lead is so tenacious, and thus it is likely to remain on the 

 fruit until it is r]\H\ when it would then be dangerous to the consumer. 

 Thus, while this properly of remaining on the fruit for a considerable 

 time is of great value in codlin moth spraying, it is of quite the opposite 

 value when used for cherry slug. Either tobacco water or hellebore is 

 useful for the eradication of this pest, as these substances do not remain 

 long on the trees, and they are quite as effective as arsenate of lead. 



Codlin moth spraying, too. will be in evidence this month. Owing 

 to the earlv .season, it is just possible that the development of the moth 

 will take place earlier. It is generally assumed that the appearance of 

 the moth is coincident with the bursting of the flowers. This is not 

 always so — the moths frequently come slightly later than the bloom period- 



In 1908. a large number of apples were in full bloom in the Burnley 

 orchards on 7th Octol)er, while the first egg of the codlin moth was not 

 observed until the i6th October. At the same time, a number of apples 

 were not then in blossom. In 1910, die greatest numlxT of apples were 

 in bl(Kim aliout 15th October, and the first codlin moth egg was ob.serve<l 

 on 2 1st Ort(jber. Hence, it will lie necessarv to spray shortly after the 

 Ijetals fall. 



Owing to the rapid expansion of the fruit, it is well to follow the 

 first spraving with a second in a week or ten days' time. Arsenate of 

 lead is still the sprav for c(,)dlin moth, nothing Jiaving been found to 

 supersede it. 



General. 



(Jitrus trees of all .sorts may now be ]jlanted out, care being taken 

 that neither the young trees nor the .soil is allowed to dry. 



Graft ties will need examining; and. where any growth has taken 

 place, they may be loosened slightly. In hot, dry, or windy weather, 

 the grafts will benefit greatly by an <x:casional spraying with water. On 

 such days the transpiration oi' moisture from the foliage is very great, and 

 .so far, a perfect union has not taken jilaee : thus, there will be a loss of 

 sap. which can not readih b-- r<pl,ii<d. .nv! the graft will probablv >;uffer 

 considerably. 



Vegetable Garden. 



.\ good tilth, and a well pulverized surf.ieo. are the main .soil neces- 

 sities in the vegetable garden this month. l'"re(]ueiu cultivations will 

 keep in the .soil moisture, and will obviate iln' necessity for constant sur 

 face waterings. At the same time, it should Iv rememln'red that the 

 vegetable garden recjuires more water than the flower garden, owing to 

 the quick growth of the plants. (^)uickly grown vegetables are more 

 tender .uul more luscious than slowlv grown ones ; duis. a good water supply 



