lo Oct., 191 t.] ^'i/le Diseases in France. 675 



are different frum those of France, and the absence of muggv weather 

 about midsummer is a distinct feature in our favour. W'e have also 

 abandoned tlie Rix:)aria stock whicli is inclined to give trouble in this 

 respect. Kven in France, where so many Riparia vineyards are still in 

 existence, it is rare for more than an odd vine to occasionally die, though, 

 as has been stated above, more severe \isitations are sometimes e.vperienced. 



The manifestations of the disease are so sudden as to lead to unneces- 

 sary alarm. Little can be done in the way of treatment. Radical 

 pruning on the first signs of trouble is said to save the \'ine in some 

 cases, though the year's crop is, of course, lost. Removal of the diseased 

 portion when the trouble is due to fungus invasion, and subsecjuent treat- 

 ment with tar, is also said to save the vine. 



RouGEOT. — This .seems to be a modified form of apoplexy and to 

 be due to similar causes though it does not result in the death of the vine. 

 The leaves become red and some of the canes die off. Fresh shoots 

 usually take their place before the end of the growing season. The vines 

 recover, though they are of course weakened for a year or two. This 

 disease has also been noticed in California, where it is known as Red 

 Leaf Di.sease. 



Broussin, Black Knot, or Crown Gall. — This disease, if indeed 

 it can be called a disease, is already well known in Victoria. The peculiar 

 excrescences formed on different parts of the old wood of the vine, 

 especiall) where it has been damaged by a plough or other implement, 

 though unsightly, do not appear to do much injury. They are, however, 

 a suitable starting place for white ants and other insects, and for this 

 reason their removal is desirable. The cause is obscure ; late frosts are 

 sometimes followed by these growths. Though claimed by some authorities 

 to be of parasitic origin, this is not as yet proved. 



Gelivure, Court-Nouk, etc. — Under these names, as well as such 

 closely allied ones of Mal-nero, Roncet, Aubernagc, &c., we have a 

 grouj) of diseases which do not, usually, lead to the death of the vine, 

 but which constitutes an interference with its normal, healthy growth. 

 Though isolated vines are, as a rule, only affected, occasionally the number 

 is sufficient to seriously reduce the yield. Sometimes, vines may eventually 

 l>e killed, though only after a good many years. 



The names gi\en aljox'e correspond to rather different manifestations 

 of the same or, at any rate, clo.sely allied causes. With Gelivure, tlie 

 canes are distorted, and frequently fasciated, especially when they com- 

 mence to grow in the spring; later on, vegetation is depressed, numerous 

 lateral shoots l>eing produced. After the fall of the leaves the young 

 wood presents an abnormal and, often, discoloured appearance. 



If, as fre(|U(Mitly happens, the internodes L)ecome much shortened, we 

 have the form known as C'ourt-noue (short knotted, in French), though 

 there is really no distinct border line between the two. 



Should the growth be much depressed, ami the canes numerous ami 

 weak, Roncet is the term ai^plied. 



Sometimes, these accidents haw been attrilnui'd lo the afli-r effectN 

 of spring frosts. Often, however, this cause could not be blamed for the 

 di.sease, which has long been l(M)ked upon as obscure; and, e\in at tlie 

 pre.sent day, oi)inions dilTer considerably on the subject. 



It api)ears to be very probai)le that these manifestation-; ni.iv with 

 reason l)e clas.sed as diffirfiit forms of liacteriosis, since we have no 

 English etiuivalent of the difterent l'"rench terms mentioned atiove. There 



