762 Journal of Agriculture, Victoria. [10 Nov., 1911. 



about the grafts, thus preventing the scions from rooting. The planter 

 should never plant trees beloAV the graft or bud, but keep these parts well 

 above ground level- 



When practising the ground method of grafting upon the apple, it is 

 better to bind with waxed paper or calico. Grafts bound with raffia, and 

 properly moulded with earth, will not require aittention as far as the bind- 

 ing, cutting into the expanding stock, and scion are concerned. 



Grafting stone fruits should be carried out much earlier than seed. 

 The end of July or early August is the best time. Cuttings should not 

 be used for scions if the buds have started to break. The stocks may be 

 in leaf but the scions must be dormant. When heeling in cuttings for 

 grafting purposes, make a fresh cut at the apex end and press them well 

 down in the soil until they rest upon a firm bottom .sO' as to encourage 

 callusing. Cuttings so treated may be lifted and buried in moist sand or 

 soil to keep them back for late grafting. 



When bench grafting rooted stocks, they should be planted out when 

 finished, and moulded, i.e., if bound with raffia. This treatment does 

 not apply to vines which are first placed in a callusing box. The writer's 

 practice, when grafting vines in the field, was tO' keep the cuttings well 

 back until the stocks to be grafted were out in leaf. Bleeding is not sd 

 .severe at this period as when the buds are first mo\ing. 



ij^o he continued.). 



ORCHARD AND GARDEN NOTES. 



E. E. Pcscott, Principal, Horticultural School, Burnley. 



The Orchard. 



Pests. 



As a preventive against codlin moth, the trees should be kept well sprayed 

 with arsenate of lead. It has been definitely ascertained that this is the 

 best remedy and all other mixtures should be discarded in its favour. Its 

 permanent qualities, combined with an effective killing strength, render this 

 mixture invaluable; at the same time, it is easily mixed, and so very few 

 brands leave any sediment, that the work of spraying is now reduced to a 

 minimum. 



If the spraying is careful and thorough, no bandaging need be 

 carried out. The time spent in bandaging will l)e far better employed in 

 an extra spraying. The first spraying should have been given at the time 

 of the falling of the petals ; the second spraying, owing to the rapid 

 expansion of the fruit, should be given a fortnight later. After that, the 

 grower must use bis own judgment as to the necessity for subsequent 

 sprayings. If the moths be at all prevalent, other sprayings will be 

 (juickly necessary. 



For the cherrv slug, arsenate of lead mav be u.sed. except where the 

 cherries are approaching ripeness ; hellebore, lini*'. or tobacco water 

 should then be used. 



Cultivation. 



The work of ploughing and harrowing should be completed imme- 

 diatelv. The frequent rains have rendered (nilti\ation easy, and there 

 should I)e no difficulty in carrying out this work at once. It is always 

 advisable to have the land well tilled before the dry weather sets in. 



