II Dec, 1911-] Propagation of Fruit Trees. 829- 



and starve the scion. In Fig. 49, a shoot just Ijelow the graft has 

 been allowed to remain, consequently utilizing the sap. The result is 

 that the scion is starved ; it only receives enough nourishment to keep it 

 barely alive. 



Very often, when disbudding young trees in the nursery that have 

 been top grafted, a bud upon the terminal end of the cut upon the stock 

 pushes forth and, being overlooked, forms a branch. The result is 

 that, when removed and planted permanently out in the orchard, it is 

 allowed to remain, the growers being under the impression that it belongs 

 to the variety planted. The propagator should closely guard against this 

 as there is a big risk of mixing varieties and causing confusion, particularly 

 if they resemble one another in wood, growth, &c. 



With ground grafts, the buds upon the scion should be allowed to 

 make some inches of growth before removing the superfluous ones. If 

 the growth from the terminal bud upon the scion is not strong and vigorous, 

 another may be used to form the tree. If it is necessary to stake the 

 growing shoot to insure a vertical growth, be careful not to knock or 

 displace the scion. During cultivation operations amongst grafts, the 

 utmost care should be taken that the scions are not interfered with, or 

 the growing shoots that form the tree injured. 



Dwarfing. 



The dwarfnig of fruit trees is brought about chiefly by budiling or 

 grafting, a stoc-k of slower growth than that of the scion being used. 

 The stock must abso be allied to the selected bud or scion. 



To dwiirf the apple, it is necessary to use a variety known as French 

 Paradise, or Doucin. Owing to this variety being subject to Woolly Aphis, 

 it must be first grafted upon the Northern Spy or some other suitable 

 variety that is immune to the attacks of aphis, so as to give the tree a 

 souml blight-profjf system. Then the \ariety desired for dwarfing should 

 b',' worked upon the Doucin. Trees propagate<l upon this stotk are only 

 suitable for planting in small gardens. 



There is another \ariety known as Cole's Blight-proof Paradi.se dwarfin:;- 

 stock. The dwarfing influence of this variety is not so pronounced as th;.i 

 of the Doucin ; it is more of an intermediate Ix^tween the latter and the 

 Northern Spy. To apply the word " dwarf '' to it is somewhat mis 

 leafling. Although it is a gfxjd sturdy grower, and has a perfectly sound 

 r<x>t-s\stem, all varieties will not make medium sized trees upon it. This is 

 princijjally due to the soil and environment not suiting the sttx'k. L'|)on 

 strfjng growing .soils, and in hxalitit'S where ajjple trees worked upon otlur 

 stocks make rank growth but are not very productive, the result should be 

 s.itisfactory, provided a fair trial is given. 



It is not necessary for tlu* grower to plant a large area in oid«r to tt st 

 wlutlifr this sl(Hk is suitable for the district ; cnr tree of a .select«'d varictv 

 i- .miplc. 



\\ hen propagating up<iM this sl<Kk work diri( 1, ihr same as if using t"ie 

 .Northern Spy. 'i'o give readers some idea as to tin* size trees of certain 

 wirieties will grow when worked uixjn Cole's Paradise stixk. the writer 

 has obtained photographs of two trees growing in a |)rivate garden in the 

 metr()i)olitan area. I'he soil is a medium heavy d. irk grey loam, over- 

 l\itig a .somewhat compact impervious clav subsoil. I'he tre<'s receive 



