18 



J nurual (if Afiricitlfvrc. Victoria. [10 Jan.. 191S. 



continue to develop until they are of sufficient strength to enable them 

 to be used, as scions in the following spring. 



Plate 142 illustrates the development of the young seedling from 

 the pip. Fig. 1 (a) is a Jonathan pip (natural size), (fe) .shows an 

 oppn capsule with the kernel adhering to one side, and (c) is the kernel 

 taken from the open capsule (rf). Fig. 2 shows elongation of the radix 

 with the seed-lobes still enclosed in the capsule, (l)) gives further 

 lengthening of the root and shows the seed-lobes having changed in 

 colour from white to dark green in consequence of appearing above the 

 soil and developing chlorophyll. Specimen (c) gives higher develop- 

 ment of the cotyledons between which the first two seedling leaves 

 appear; while {d) shows these in a further advanced stage, and also the 

 second pair of young leaves. It may be noticed that when the seedling 



Plate 142. 

 Fig. 1. Jonathan pips (natural size). 

 Fig. 2. Development of seedling from seed. 



has reached this stage of development lateral root hairs begin to appear 

 along the main root. Usually, until the little root system is estab- 

 lished and the first three pairs of seedling leaves are produced, the 

 invigorating materials stored up in the cotyledons supply most of the 

 requirements of the tree. 



The pips from which the eight seedlings illustrated in Plate 143 were 

 gro'UTi were taken from trees the names of the varieties of which are 

 given below the plate. The seeds were sown on 16th August, and the 

 trees were photographed on 26th JSTovember, 1916. 



Testing ISTew Varieties. 

 When new varieties are produced, careful tests with a view to deter- 

 mining their fruiting characteristics, &c., should first be made, and the 



