10 Jax., 1918.] Apple Culture in Victoria. 21 



mostly noticeable in the colour of the fruit. Occasionally, however, 

 the size and shape of the fruit are somewhat affected, but the flavour and 

 aroma of the original is usually retained. 



It is assumed that one example will suffice to illustrate these state- 

 ments. 



Plate 144, Fig. 1, is a photograph of an unnamed apple produced 

 on the sport of a tree of the Statesman variety growing in Mr. Hy. 

 Chandler's orchard at Bayswater. The apples of this sport are dark 

 red, like highly coloured Eokewood. Fig. 2 is the normal Statesman 

 taken from the same tree. Mr. Chandler, who is a nurseryman as well 

 as an orchardist, is so favorably impressed with the appearance of his 

 red Statesman that he has decided to propagate trees from this sport. 



Occasionally trees or portions of trees propagated from sports revert 

 to the original by producing fruit typical of the parent variety. The 

 Glengyle Red may be mentioned as one of those most noticeable for 

 performing in this manner. It is a sport from the Rome Beauty, and 

 the character of the wood and habit of growth of the tree have not 

 altered, but the fruit, instead of being like that of the Rome Beauty, 

 is of a deep, rich, red colour. This is an improvement that warrants 

 the propagation and extensive cultivation of the Glengyle Red, and the 

 reversion of the fruit's colour to that of the Rome Beauty may, at the 

 time of propagating trees of the former variety, be prevented by care- 

 fully selecting buds from a tree which produces fruit of fixed type and 

 colour. 



The necessity for the evolution of varieities characteristically con- 

 stituted to meet the various locality conditions, and thus facilitate a 

 higher commercial achievement as well as more satisfactorily meeting 

 the public requirements, is generally realized. These, as well as the 

 other objectives of the industry, may be attained by the further judicious 

 application of science to fruit growing. 



The Mahstteistance of Varieties Capable of Supplying Modern" 

 Market Requirements. 



In establishing a modern apple orchard the fruit-grower should 

 select a small number of each of the early and late blooming varieties, 

 and thus insure the cross-pollination of their blossoms. Those chosen 

 for planting in any locality should previously have proved their 

 adaptability to its soil and climatic conditions, and the question whether 

 the fruit from these varieties Avould suit modern market requirements 

 should be considered. Though much information dealing with 

 these essential details has been disseminated by the experts and 

 others interested in apple growing, yet inspection of the 

 districts reveals that obsolete varieties and some of those unsuitable 

 for cultivation under the individual district conditions are still 

 occasionally planted. Although sometimes mistakes of this kind are 

 made through the prospective fruit-growers taking their information 

 exclusively from publications of other countries where the conditions 

 governing apple production are different to ours, very often it is due 

 to the neglect of the orchardist to listen to opinions based on knowledge. 

 Such a person usually selects his trees in haste ; they come to maturity 

 in due time, but he repents at leisure. Fortunately, however, instances 

 of this kind are becoming rare. 



