78 Journal of Ayricnlt iirt, Vtcfortd. [11 Feb., 1918. 



Again, take the operation of harvesting with the combined 

 harvester : Tlie driver is not careful to take a full cut ; the fault of the 

 driver is affecting the horses, the harvester, the bag-sewers, and perhaps 

 the waggoner carting iu. Or suppo&e one of the horses ic, a slow-coach, 

 then that one slow horse affects the pace of the whole team, the driver, 

 the harvester, the bag-&ewers:f, the carters, and sO' on. 



These examples are typical of many, and the farmer, if he is to save 

 labour, must always be on the alert for that ' ' lazy pitcher, ' ' whether 

 it be man, horse, machine, or management, and then speed " him " 

 up. Careful thought will convince most that in the hurry and bustle of 

 seeding and harvest, much of the profit is apt to slip through our fingers 

 in this manner; but a thorough grip of these principles enables any one 

 to recognise instantly this fault and its consequences, instead of having 

 but a worried, hazy idea of what is wrong. 



It is often difl&cult to arrive at what is a fair day's work for man, 

 machine, and horses^ under varying conditions — to know exactly what 

 ought to be accomplished when an operation is performed in the right 

 way. This can be done only by the keeping of accurate records, and 

 this is the second basic principle. 



But it will be argued that the difficulty is not to know what to do, 

 but to induce the hired labour to do it, even allowing that no extra 

 effort is required from the workman ; and this is where the third great 

 principle comes to the rescue and says that for part of the extra work 

 performed, either by extra effort or by extra attention to a saving of 

 effort, a reward must be paid. In this connexion, it might be found 

 that it would pay fanners to offer efficiency reward to the workmen, say 

 in the shape of a small area of crop, which should be part of, and be 

 treated in exajctly the same way as, the bulk area, the stipulation being 

 that the farmer is to select a fair sample of the paddock (for the reward) 

 after the crop has been sown, which would insure the whole field being 

 properly worked. 



This is a principle which might be capable of judicious extension if 

 rightly applied. 



Among the wayD that readily occur to one by which a saving of time 

 and labour is often to be effected are the following : — 



1. The use of a maximum amount of horse strength and up-to- 



date implements of the largest size consistent with condi- 

 tions. The more extended use of labour-saving devices, 

 such as stack elevators, bag-lifters, pickling machines, &c. 

 The more extended use of the internal combustion engine. 



2. Provision of a reasonable supply of duplicates, and the over- 



haul of implements before the season starts. 



3. Prevention of too great an overlap of cultural implements such 



as spring tooth harrows, &c., by straight driving. Atten- 

 tion to driving of harvester and binder with full width 

 of cut. 



4. Avoiding a waste of time through too much turning of 



implements on headlands, or, say, carting of bags on har- 

 vester to a grain dump which is situated too far away. 



5. Provision of an adequate supply of chaff. Serious loss often 



occurs when press of work is heaviest if all hands have to 

 cease work every fortnight to cut chaff. 



