102 Journal of Agriculture, Victoria. [11 Feb., 1918. 



3. Chewing insects living in tunnels eaten out by them in stems or 



branches. 

 Example. — Cherry and Peach Borer Caterpillar. 

 Treatment. — Spraying is of very little or no value. Inject 



carbon bi-sulphide into tunnel and plug up entrance with 



soft clay. 



4. Chewing insects that move freely about and often feed at night. 



Exainjiles. — Weevils. 



Treatment. — Arsenical sprays. Root borer traps. Jarring in- 

 sects from trees, 'collecting and destroying. 



5. Suctorial insects, more or less permanently fixed to their host 



plant. 

 Examples. — Scale insects . 



Treatment. — Oil sprays or fumigation -ndth hydrocyanic acid 

 gas. 



6. Suctorial insects that move about on branches. 



Examples. — Aphides, Red Spider. 



Treatment. — Oil sprayr, when trees are dormant and tobacco 

 sprays when trees are aictive. 



7. Suctorial insects that are free-moving and active fliers. 



Examples. — Rutherglen and other plant-feeding bugs. 

 Treatment. — ^Phenyle sprays. 



8. Fly maggots infesting fruit. 



Examples. — Fruit flies. 



Treatment. — Destroy infested fruit by boiling, keep toil 

 beneath trees well stirred. Spraying is of no value. 



From the diversity of insect pests attacking fruit trees, it can be 

 seen that before attempting to combat them a true diagnosis of the 

 disease must first be made, as in the case of disease attacking higher 

 life, otherwise the operator can have but little hope for success. If a 

 correct diagnosis be not made, a fungicidal spray may be applied when 

 it should have been an insecticide, or vice versd. 



The following remedies given are those commonly advocated by 

 officers of this branch. 



Codlin Moth. — The eggs are usually deposited on fruit or leaves at 

 intervaki of time. The caterpillar, on hatching, feeds for some time on 

 the hair-like threads in the eye or calyx of the apple, and later usually 

 enters the fruit at this point. This applies principally to caterpillars 

 of the first brood, later broods entering the fruit at any point. Spray 

 trees with arsenate of lead (1 lb. to 20 gallons of water) before the 

 calyx or eye of fruit closes ; give a second application from ten to fifteen 

 days later, and subsequent sprayings should be given at intervals of not 

 longer than thirty days, four or five sprayings being necessary — the 

 latter number for late varieties. 



Cherry and Pear Slug. — Spray with arsenate of lead as soon as 

 leaves have developed, and while the fruit is small and green. A second 

 spraying, if necessary, can be made after the fruit has been picked. 



Root Borer. — So far, the only methods adopted for coping with this 

 pest are by trapping and poisoning with arsenate of lead; trees sprayed 

 on warm days give better results, owing to the beetles drinking the 

 liquid, than on cool days. Trees should be regularlv examined for 

 beetles from spring until January. 



Woolly Aphis. — Orchards in low-lying, damp situations are the most 

 difficult to keep clean, some varieties of apples, notably the Rokewood, 



