10 July, 1018.] Agriculture in America. 387 



Two striking features are noticeable as compared with the work 

 of the College of Agriculture at Berkeley — 



(1) Each of the four Colleges has an important Home Economics 

 Course of four years, leading to the degree of B.Sc, and attended by from 

 600 to 1,000 young women. 



(2) Three of the four Agricultural Colleges have associated with it 

 a Secondary School of Agriculture, or a non-collegiate course of three 

 years for students who have not been able to reach the High School 

 leaving certificate before coming to College. This " School of Agricul- 

 ture," as it is termed, is really an Agricultural High School, on the 

 same campus as the College, but controlled by an entirely separate 

 teaching staff, though the same equipment is used. At Colorado there 

 are over 300 in this High School, in addition to the 600 taking the 

 four years' collegiate course. The grade of teaching in these secondary 

 schools is about equal to that of Dookie, perhaps a little better; but if a 

 student wishes to go on for the degree, he has to spend four years in 

 the secondary school and four years in the collegiate school. At Kansas 

 there are 407 in the secondary school, and 598 in the four-year collegiate 

 course. 



At Iowa, there are 965 students taking a four-year course in Agri- 

 culture for the degree of B.Sc, and only 213 in the secondary school. 



At Colorado, I spent several days investigating sugar-beet culture, 

 and the beet-seed industry. I had a letter of introduction to the 

 manager of the Great Western Sugar Company, and this enabled me to 

 see over two of the. biggest factories in America, and get first-hand 

 information regarding the raising of seed and the culture of the beets. 



This company operates twelve beet factories, has a capital of 

 $30,000,000, grows 3,000 acres of beet seed every year for its own clients, 

 and produces 500,000,000 lbs. of granulated sugar annually. I took 

 elaborate and detailed notes of many points of interest to the industry, 

 and spent a day in the Longmont factory, which treated 275,000 tons of 

 topped beet last year, and handled 3,500,000 lbs. of sugar-beet seed 

 produced on the company's farm adjoining the factory. One of the 

 most interesting features was a Stephan's plant, which recovers sugar 

 from molasses. The molasses is treated with lime and water, and 

 sugar is precipitated as saccharate of lime. This is then heated, and 

 the saccharate breaks up into sugar and lime. This lime is used for 

 the clarification of the juice, and the sugar is recovered in crystalline 

 form. The company was buying molasses from other factories at $30 

 per ton this year, and recovering 80 per cent, of the sugar in the 

 molasses, i.e., about 40 per cent, of the total weight of molasses as sugar. 



The problem of making a mechanical beet topper appears to be 

 Hearing solution. The company offered $10,000 dollars for a machine 

 that would successfully top beets, and it has obtained many machines, 

 which, according to the manager, promise to do the topping effectively. 

 The company feeds 10,000 head of cattle every year. It is interesting 

 to note that they have found that — 



7,500 lbs. Avet pulp, or 750 lbs. dry pulp, 

 700 lbs. alfalfa hay, 

 100 lbs. cotton-seed meal, 

 250 lbs. molasses, 

 produce 100 lbs. of beef. Beef is worth $16 a ton at present. 



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