30 Aucx., 1918.] 



Apple Culture in Victoria. 



461 



grown be cool and that the land be kept cultivated. When irrigation 

 has been introduced into such an orchard, however, the trees use up con- 

 siderable quantities of water. Then the waterings should be regularly 

 and systematically applied, because, when they have become accustomed 

 to a regular supply, its irregular application or discontinuance during 

 the period of vegetation would have an evil effect on the trees. It may 

 be easily understood that the changed and inimical root environments 

 set up' by the exhaustion of a customary supply of capillary moisture 

 would cause a check in the growth of the trees and otherwise injuriously 

 affect theni 



In connexion with the distribution of water on a partly impervious 

 surface, it should, perhaps, be further explained that, especially if the 

 fall be more abrupt than that illustrated in Plate 173, the furrows may 

 be made to run at such an angle, or by such deviations across the plane 

 of the area under treatment as will insure a gentle flow of the water and 

 thus afford sufficient time for downward penetration. A further study 



Plate 176. — View of the ramp in the reservoir. 



nf what hah been previously written concerning the advantage of diagonal 

 planting in relation to irrigation as well as the illustration in Plate 14, 

 will enable the reader to better understand how water may be controlled 

 and distributed on abrupt slo'pes. 



Plate 174 shows the pumping plant employed by Mr. J. Stephens, of 

 East Burwood, to transfer the water from his dam to the reservoir. 

 The engine is of three-horse-power, but is capable of developing up to 

 five-horse-power. The water is drawn from the dam through the 2-inch 

 suction pipe {a), by the centrifugal pump {h), operated by means of a 

 belt from the driving wheel, and forced up through the pipe (c) to the 

 reservoir. Since its erection this plant has given entire satisfaction, 

 and the cost of working it has been very moderate. 



Plate 175 is a photographic illustration of Mr. Stephens' reservoir, 

 taken soon after its construction and before it was filled with water. 



Plate 176 gives a view of the ramp, denoted by the arrow, in the reser- 

 voir which contains water to about one-third of its holding capacity. 



