578 



Journal of Agriculture, Victoria. [10 Oct., 1918. 



population, industry, education, agriculture, mining, and economic 

 development. Of its total area of 260,000,000 acres however, only 

 12,500,000 acres are under cultivation ; 100,000,000 acres are still Crown 

 lands. 



Ontario's field crops in 1917 were valued at £52,000,000. Ontario's 

 principal crop is oats, of which 111,000,000 bushels were produced in 

 1917. Her principal stock industry is dairying; 126,000,000 lbs. of cheese 

 were produced in 1916. The population of the province is about 

 2,500,000. 



The three prairie provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba 

 are approximately equal in area, each being about 160,000,000 acres. 

 Only the southern portions of these three States have been brought under 

 cultivation. 



These are the three great wheat provinces of Canada. The wheat belt 

 is 1,000 miles wide, and extends from the Great Lakes to the foot of the 



Terminal Elevator at Vancouver. 



(Capacity U million bushels— Cost £140.000. 



Rocky Mountains. The soil in this belt is chiefly a dark loam, rich in 

 organic matter, and fertile. The land is gently undulating, and practi- 

 cally treeless. The southern portions of Alberta and Saskatchewan are 

 subject to dry spells — which we, in Australia, would dignify by the term 

 '' drought." 



Saskatchewan is the principal grain-producing province of the 

 Dominion. In 1917, 263,000,000 bushels of wheat, barley, oats, rye, and 

 flax were produced in Saskatchewan, of which 130,000,000 bushels was 

 wheat. Saskatchewan leads the way in the number of elevators and 

 capacity; 710 railway stations had 1,782 elevators, with a capacity of 

 52,943,000 bushels. Each small railway station has from three to seven 

 elevators, according to the amount of business transacted. In many cases 

 these are owned by private companies. In other cases farmers' co-opera- 

 tive organizations control the elevators. In western Canada, elevators 



