10 Oct., 1918.] Agricultural Education in Canada. 585 



ca B.S.C. degree being given. Even universities of such liigli standing 

 as Cornell, Columbia, and Illinois have big schools of domestic science, 

 and give a B.S.C. degree. It is related that Dr. Scliurman, president 

 of Cornell, when the first proposal to introduce a domestic science course 

 at Cornell was mooted, exclaimed at a faculty meeting, " What ! Does 

 that mean that we must have cooks on the faculty?" But Dr. Schurman 

 and others now recognise the wonderful work which is being done by 

 domestic science graduates in improving farm homes, in promoting 

 community betterment, and in saving infant life by the dissemination of 

 ithe principles of hygiene. The buildings and equipment at Guelph are 

 very fine — and the campus reminds one of a corner in the Melbourne 

 Botanic Gardens. 



The regular courses in agriculture at Guelph are interesting. A two- 

 year course for an Associate Diploma, and a four-year course for the 

 degree of B.S.A. of Toronto University, are given. The first two years 

 are alike in both courses, and the objective is to give the student as much 

 technical knowledge of agriculture as possible, combined with English 

 and science work. 



In the third year the subjects are almost entirely science subjects. 

 In the fourth year the students specialize in one of six branches: — (1) 

 Agriculture; (2) Bacteriology; (3) Biology; (4) Chemistry and Physics; 

 (5) Horticulture; (6) Dairying. 



There are many interesting features regarding Guelph College which 

 I should like to deal with, especially Dr. Zavitz's experimental work — 

 but I shall reserve these details for a later occasion. The college is 

 doing fine work, and compares favorably with the American Agricul- 

 tural Colleges. 



THE DEPARTMENTS OF AGRICULTURE. 



The Dominion Department of Agriculture. 



The Federal Government has established a large and influential 

 Department of Agi'iculture, which disburses annually considerably over 

 £1,000,000. Each province has a Provincial Department of Agricul- 

 ture, with rather considerable powers. There is a marked difference in 

 the manner in which the agricultural forces of Canada and the United 

 States are organized. In the United States practically all the educa- 

 tional, investigational, and extension work in agriculture is carried out 

 by the Agricultural College and the University, and to the State Depart- 

 ments of Agriculture are intrusted the purely regulatory activities in 

 agriculture, such as the control of diseases in stock, crops, &c. 



The reason is jirobably found in the organization of the States. 

 Under the American Constitution, the Governor of a State is elected by 

 the people for a term of four years, and once elected he administers the 

 State laws through executive officers, whom he nominates. There is no 

 Cabinet of Ministers responsible to Parliament, as we have in Australia. 

 Consequently, such activities as are included in research, instruction, 

 and extension work in agriculture has in the States been handed over to 

 a stable form of administration — the Agi'icultural College — which is 

 responsible to the people in the Legislature in so far as it is dependent 

 on Parliament for supply. The other functions of a State Department, 

 inspectional police work, and regulatory activities have remained with 



