11 Nov., 1918.] Hereditary Unsoundness in Horses. 681 



unsound. Of these, 7.31124 was from a mare by 3.2 — an unsound horse 

 — the remaining two cannot be traced. Perusal of the table shows that 

 the sound sons were of mature age when examined, and thus it is to be 

 inferred that the sire was sound. 



In the progeny of 7.3113 there are two unsound. The dams of 

 these cannot be traced, but as there are a number of 5-year-olds recorded 

 as sound, one cannot think other than that the line is a sound one, and 

 that the unsoundness recorded is nor hereditary on the sire's side. 



No unsoundness is foimd in the progeny of 7.3114 or 7.3115. Sixty- 

 eight descendants of 7.3116 have been examined, and 7, or 10.3 per cent., 

 found unsound. In those cases in which the pedigree can be traced 

 unsoundness on the dam's side is found as under :— 



The dam of 7.311610001 was by 1.1021, an unsound horse; the 



granddam was by 3.1, of unsound family. 

 The dam of 7.311610004 was by 7.3112, apparently sound; the 



granddam was by 3. 

 The dam of 7.311610,0009 was by 3.2, of unsound family. 

 The dam of 7.3116182 was by 7.2311, previously referred to, who 



was out of a mare by 4.12, 

 The dam of 7.3116185 was by 2.526, apparently sound; the grand- 

 dam not recorded. 

 The dam of 7.31161032 was by 1.815, which, though sound at ex- 

 amination, was of unsound line. 

 Forty-three descendants of 7.3117 are recorded, and only two are un- 

 sound, viz., 7.311704, from a mare by 4.42111, which appears frequently 

 in unsound pedigrees, and 7.3117001, which cannot be traced on the 

 dam's side. 



7.31101 was apparently sound; 37 of his progeny show only three 

 unsound. The majority of those examined were mature horses, and if 

 unsoundness was present as a factor on the sire's side in this generation, 

 it would undoubtedly have shown in at least some of the sons. In the 

 case of the unsound grandsons, the dam's breeding cannot be traced. 



7.31102 shows four unsound out of twelve examined. The percentage 

 is large. This horse has the reputation of being sound. This is prob- 

 ably so, for the unsound sons were from mares with the following breed- 

 ing :— 



7.311023 was from a mare by 7.2315, apparently sound; the grand- 

 dam was by 4.12, of unsound line. 

 The dam of 7.311026 was by 4.1263, a grandson of 4.12. 

 The dam of 7.311024 was by 7.26 ; the granddam by a son of 3. 

 The dam of 7.3110204 was by a son of 3. 

 7.311031 shows one unsound son — he was out of a mare by 4.12; the 

 granddam was by 7.231. 



The next sire to consider is 7.31104, He had 41 sons and 2 grandsons 

 examined. Three sons were unsound, viz. : — 



7.3110408, from a mare by 2.18, the granddam by 9.51, of unsound 



line. 

 7.311043, from a mare by 3.2, of unsound family. 

 7.31104005, from a mare by 3.12, of unsound family. 

 As eleven of the sound sons were 5 years old or over, and eight were 

 4 years when examined, there can be little doubt that the unsoundness 

 was introduced by the female side through the lines mentioned above. 



