290 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 



galpina Bondufclla, Cryptoeaipus pyriformis, Discaria pauci- 

 tlora, Sealesia gummifera, and Solanum verbascifolium. In the 

 more open places in this area there were large bunches of Pani- 

 cum fasciculatum and other herbaceous plants. On barren lava 

 beds and on exposed ridges in this vicinity, Cereus sclerocarpus 

 was the only plant that grew to any considerable size. 



A change takes place in the vegetation between an elevation 

 of 100 and 200 ft. where many of the plants common below dis- 

 appear, the most common of which are: Acacia macracantha, 

 Castela galapageia, Cereus sclerocarpus, Discaria pauciflora, 

 Euphorbia viminea, and Waltheria reticulata, while such promi- 

 nent woodland plants as Pisonia floribunda, Psidium gala- 

 pageium, and Scalesia cordata begin to appear along with ferns 

 and other plants, which are found abundantly higher up. There 

 is a general thickening above an elevation of 200 ft. and f ruticose 

 lichens are very abundant on trees and bushes. 



Sapindus saponaria was first seen around 250 ft. elevation. 

 There are only occasional trees of this species at this elevation, 

 the dense Saponaria forests not beginning for another hundred 

 feet or so in elevation. Scalesia cordata also increases in abun- 

 dance so that the forest trees throughout the moist region con- 

 sist mostly of these two species. There is a heavy growth of 

 bushes in these forests, increasing with the elevation, which 

 consist largely of the following species. Clerodendron molle, 

 Croton Scouleri var. grandifolius, Erigeron tenuifolius, Psycho- 

 tria rufipes, Tournefortia psilostachya, T. pubescens, and T. 

 mfo-sericea. There are many ferns both terrestrial and epi- 

 phytic, the common epiphytic species being : Polypodium lanceo- 

 latum, and P. lepidopteris, while on the higher branches of many 

 of the trees there are large bunches of Lj^copodium dichotomum. 

 Other common epiphytes in this region are lonopsis utricular- 

 iodes, Peperomia galapagensis, P. Stewarti, and Tillandsia in- 

 sularis. There are a large number of trees of Hippomane Man- 

 cinella in the forests at an elevation of 600 ft. but none were 

 found below this, except near sea level. 



A considerable amount of the forest has been cleared away be- 

 tween 600 and 1,300 ft. elevation. Much of this area has since 

 been neglected and has gro\vn up in bushes of Tournefortia rufo- 

 sericea which are heavily covered in places with vines of Argy- 

 reia tiliaefolia, and Ipomoea Bona-nox. There is also usually a 

 heavy growth of grass, in between the bushes, and brakes of Pter- 



