298 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters. 



size as tliey do on some of the other islands where this species oc- 

 curs. Other trees in the woodland besides those that have evi- 

 dently been introduced are: Pisonia floribunda, and Zanthoxy- 

 luin Faj^ara, the last one of which is often heavily covered with 

 Phoradendrou Ilenslovii, as often happens when this tree grows 

 where there is a considerable amount of moisture. Common 

 bushes in the woodland are: Capraria biflora, Croton Seouleri 

 varieties brevifolius and grandifolius, Erigeron tenuifolius, Psy- 

 <?hotria rufipes, Tournefortia psilostachya, and T. rufo-sericea. 

 The soil is ashy in the meadows, with small fragments of lava 

 scattered through it. Grasses and herbaceous plants occur here, 

 the common species being : Aristida subspicata, Eleusine indica, 

 Eragrostis eiliaris, Aealypha par\'ula, Lippia canescens, Malvas- 

 trum americanum, Plumbago scandens, and Stachytarpheta 

 ■dichotoma. Many evidences of former habitation appear in the 

 flora throughout the plateau region as such introduced species as 

 Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, Bixa Orellana, Datura Tatula, Inga 

 edulis, Spondians purpurea, orange, lemon, and lime trees grow 

 there in greater or less abundance. The lime trees are the most 

 common of these, and there are areas of considerable size which 

 are covered with them. They seem to spread mostly in the open 

 meadows as there are but few of them in the woodland. Prob- 

 ably in time they will cover all of the open country in the plateau 

 region. The limes and lemons are of good quality and many 

 tons of them rot on the ground each year. 



The main crater rises to a height of 1,780 ft., and is covered 

 on the outside with a heavy growth of bushes of Lipochaeta lari- 

 cifolia. to within about 400 ft. of the top. This condition is 

 found on all sides but the south and southeast. The bushes 

 gradually disappear towards the south side of the crater and 

 their place is taken by a heavy growth of Stachytarpheta dicho- 

 toma. Above an elevation of 1,450 ft. the outside of the crater is 

 covered wdth low bushes of Capraria biflora, occasional bushes 

 of Tournefortia rufo-sericea, grasses and other herbaceous plants 

 the last of which are dried up during the greater part of the 

 year, gi\ang this part of the mountain a very barren appearance 

 the most of the time. One will be greatly surprised if he should 

 climb the west side of this crater during the drj' season. On this 

 side Opuntia galapageia grows to an elevation of 1.300 ft. The 

 ■other plants which occur here and above are of a xerophytie 

 type and continue so to the top of the mountain. Upon going 



